1. Ch.2, Sec.3 – The Impact of Colonization
Life in Spanish America
- by A.D. 1700, Spain controlled most of the Americas
- Spain divided the Americas up into two provinces or viceroyalty: New Spain & Peru
- Spaniards & Creoles (people of Spanish descent born in the colonies) held the most power
- Natives & slaves held the least

2. Ch.2, Sec.3 – The Impact of Colonization
- Spain forced all Natives to assimilate to Christianity
- Spain used encomiendas (grants of Native American labor) to make the colonies more productive
- plantations or haciendas were created to provide food to the colonies & Spain (cotton, sugar, coffee, etc…)
- most of the Natives were treated cruelly and forced to work in the mines and fields

3. Ch.2, Sec.3 – The Impact of Colonization
The Emergence of American Slavery
- most Natives died from diseases & overwork, so the Spaniards turned to African slaves
- African slaves were immune to diseases, provided cheap labor, and many had previously worked on farms
- the African Diaspora (forced removal for slavery) brought over 12 million slaves until the late 1800s
- the voyage of the slave ships was called the middle passage and was a part of the triangular trade

4. Ch.2, Sec.3 – The Impact of Colonization

5. Ch.2, Sec.3 – The Impact of Colonization

6. Ch.2, Sec.3 – The Impact of Colonization
The Columbian Exchange
- the movement of plants and animals from the Eastern and Western hemispheres was called the Columbian Exchange
- germs were also exchanged – close to 20 million Native Americans died between A.D to 1619
- positive effects were an exchange of plants from both continents to one another, allowing a more diverse world of crops and animals (cattle, pigs, horses, grapes, onions, wheat, potatoes, & corn)

7. Ch.2, Sec.3 – The Impact of Colonization