1. Monarchs, Slaves, and Exchanges
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2. Warmup
During Columbus’ trial, who ended up being guilty of the mass murder of the Taíno people?

3. Agenda
Warmup
Monarchs, Slaves, and Exchanges PPT & Notes

4. Absolute Monarchs
Royal families in Europe increased their power during the Renaissance and the Reformation
Most ruled as absolute monarchs
They did NOT share their power with the people
No parliaments to check the authority of the ruler
When exploration began, most European governments were monarchies

5. Absolute Monarchs
Absolute monarchs believed they ruled by divine right
Believed they were appointed by God to rule over their subjects
Did not have to answer to anyone but God
Felt the people had an obligation to obey God’s representative on Earth

6. Characteristics of an Absolute Monarch
Centralized government authority
The power to govern came from God
The nation was in their hands
Public order came from the ruler
Rulers made decisions without the consent of their people

7. Philip II of Spain Absolute monarch in Spain
Attacked England in with the Spanish Armada (failed)
Made government decisions without the consent of those he governed

8. “L’e’tat, c’est moi” – I am the state
Louis XIV of France
France was the most powerful nation in Europe during his reign
Was called the “Sun King” and the “Grand Monarch”
Built the Palace of Versailles and forced the nobles to live there so he could control them
Made government decisions without the consent of those he governed
“L’e’tat, c’est moi” – I am the state

9. Palace of Versailles

10. Palace of Versailles

12. Palace of Versailles

13. Peter the Great of Russia
Most influential member of the Romanov family (which ruled from 1600’s-1917)
Took away the power of the nobles and put the Russian Orthodox Church under his control
Made government decisions without the consent of those he governed

14. THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

15. EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SLAVERY
Slavery was part of African society
Unlike in America, slavery was not hereditary in Africa
Most slaves in Africa were prisoners of war between African tribes, but it grew into capturing any person to sell into slavery

16. THE DESIRE FOR AFRICANS
1. Native Americans died from diseases
2. Africans had some natural immunities to sicknesses
3. Experienced farmers
4. Were strangers in the New World
The Cow Pox- Dr. Jenner used cowpox to inoculate people from dangerous smallpox. 1796, England

17. Atlantic Slave Trade from 1500 – 1870
10-13 million Africans sent to the Americas
First imported by Portugal

19. MIDDLE PASSAGE
A sea journey to bring slaves from West Africa to the West Indies
Passage lasted 2-3 months
Almost 50% died of disease, brutality & poor food quality

20. TRIANGULAR TRADE
European trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe involving slaves and other goods

21. TRIANGULAR TRADE
Slaves sent to West Indies where sugar, coffee, molasses and tobacco were bought
New England shipped out cotton, rum, & tobacco

22. SLAVERY IN AMERICAS 1) PRIME FIELD HANDS 2) WORKED LONG DAYS
3) BECAME HEREDITARY
4) SLAVE UPRISINGS

23. CONSEQUENCES OF SLAVERY
1. Africa lost generations of the fittest members
2. Some tribes totally wiped out
3. Spread of African art, music & food
4. African population in U.S. & the rest of the Americas

24. The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade

25. Colony
A colony is a country, area, or group of people under the full or partial political control of another country and occupied by settlers from that country
Example = English settlers came to America and the American colonies were governed by the British government

26. The Columbian Exchange
The global transfer of goods and products that encouraged economic growth

27. Corn and Potatoes
Most important items to travel from the Americas (the New World) to the rest of the world: corn and potatoes
Inexpensive to grow
Highly nutritious
Had a significant role in boosting the population of the world

28. The Columbian Exchange
Europeans brought plants and animals to the Americas
Diseases brought by the Europeans had the largest impact on the Native Americans

29. Columbian Exchange Syphilis Turkeys Llamas Corn Potatoes Peanuts Beans
Given by the Old World
Smallpox
Chicken Pox
Common Cold
Horses
Cattle
Pigs
Rice
Coffee
Sugarcane
Given by the New World
Syphilis
Turkeys
Llamas
Corn
Potatoes
Peanuts
Beans
Cacao (Chocolate)

30. Commercial Revolution
Before the Commercial Revolution:
Power was based on land and military power
After the Commercial Revolution:
A country’s power was equal to its wealth

31. The RISE OF FREE-ENTERPRISE
Free enterprise: Economic system based on private ownership and investment of wealth for profit
Root of the United States’ economic system
European businesses flourished as a result of merchants investing money into trade and overseas exploration, and then investing the profit into other enterprises

32. Joint Stock Companies
Joint stock companies are privately funded companies
Investors pool their money to start a business
Share the profits as well as the losses

33. DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY
A famous joint stock company formed to establish trade & maintain control of trade in Asia = the Dutch East India Company
Made money in trade
Spices
Indigo
Tea
Luxury items

34. Mercantilism Mercantilism
Belief that a nation’s power was tied to two aspects:
Wealth
Colonies
Two Options:
Acquire gold
Acquire colonies and develop a favorable balance of trade
Mercantilism

35. Adam Smith
Claimed that government should not interfere with the economy
Wrote The Wealth of Nations in response to new wealth and power
Developed his theories as a rejection of mercantilism

36. Favorable Balance of Trade
Favorable balance of trade results from exporting more goods than are imported
Imports
Exports
USA

37. *Colonies
Colonies were linked with “mother countries” to provide raw goods in exchange for trade
Helped mother countries maintain a favorable balance of trade
Colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country
N. America

38. Colonies Created a monopoly for imports sold in the colonies
Britain first explored North America to increase their wealth and dominance over others
France established “New France” to build a fur trade