1. AGE OF EXPLORATION UNIT 4

2. Modern Imperialism What technologies made this possible?
Life in W. Europe changed greatly between 1400s-1750
Trade was a major factor
W. Europe searched for new trade & alternative routes to Asian markets
-Result: encountered lands previously unknown
Spain & Portugal 1st started exploring
What technologies made this possible?

3. Reasons for Exploration:
Interest in other parts of the world
New technology made these voyages possible
-cartography, astrolabe, caravel
Europe wanted products from Asia without paying high prices (Arabs, Ottomans, & Italian city-states controlled land routes)
Desire for land & resources
Desire for gold & glory
Spread religion

4. Achievement/Area of Exploration
Explorer
Nation they sailed for
Achievement/Area of Exploration
Pizarro
Cortez
Magellan
Ponce de Leon
Cartier
Chris Columbus
Amerigo Vespucci

5. Results of Age of Exploration:
1. Established colonies around the globe
-Spanish colonized most of Central & S. America
-England colonized part of N. America
-Many other European nations established colonies
2. War broke out over control of colonies
-French and Indian War, defeat of Spanish Armada by England
3. European nations dominated native people from colonized countries
Raw materials & markets from the colonies were used to make manufactured goods
Age of exploration made possible by commercial revolution

6. Commercial Revolution
-change in ways goods were bought and sold
Growth of trade within Europe
Increased capitalism (private property & profit making)
-banking system started
c. Atlantic Ocean center for economic activity instead of Mediterranean Sea
d. Mercantilism: theory that nations should acquire overseas colonies b/c they could profit gold, silver, & raw materials

7. What did this do for nations?
Made them rich and powerful
With this wealth, nations build lg. armies & navies
3. Countries w/ colonies began exporting more than they imported
4. Increase in manufactured goods demand for good

8. Effects of Commercial Revolution
W. European countries became rich & powerful
Ex. England, Spain, France, & Portugal
2. Africans were bought and sold into slavery
3. Many Europeans began settling in colonies
4. European culture spread around the world

9. Europe encounters Africa, Asia, & the Americas
-late 15th century (1400s) European counties rivaled each other for land and trade rights
-charter companies like British East
India Co. & Dutch East Indies Co.
established monopolies (complete control of product or business) on trade
* Set up trade posts along coast of Africa routing to Asia

10. Columbian Exchange
-increase demand for agricultural goods & disease that killed millions of natives = slaves from Africa

11. Exploration of Spain & Portugal
-1st to explore Americas, Africa, and Asia
*location near coast was key
-Spain gained Philippines
-Portugal dominated trade in SE Asia
Treaty of Tordesillas: Spain got all Americans except for what is Brazil today which went to Portugal

12. Spanish colonialism
Conquistadores (Spanish explorers) were granted encomiendas (the right to demand labor from Native Americans)
Native Americans were forced to do labor on plantations (lg. farms using dependent labor) & in mines, along w/ new diseases from Europe, such as small pox, killed millions of natives
Spanish language & religion (Catholicism) were forced on natives
Missionaries came over to convert natives

13. Spanish Colonialism What was one of the major cash crops
grown on plantations in S. America and the
Caribbean that used forced labor?
Social Structure in Spanish Colonies
Based on hierarchy w/ Spanish on top
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizo
Mulatto
African slaves and Native Americans

14. Portuguese Colonialism
Began w/ Prince Henry the Navigator
Increased profits from sugar cane in Brazil & discovery of gold/diamonds
Did not settle in lg. #s like Spanish
Class divisions based more on economics than race
Mixed native, African, and Portuguese
Increase in African slaves to work on plantations
Religious & Cultural beliefs of Africans mixed with Portuguese and local beliefs