1. Warm-up
List the technological innovations the made the global domination of the West possible.
Trace the early exploration of the world by the West (say which countries explored which regions).
Define the Colombian Exchange.

2. Motives for Conquest reading
Answer the following questions in your notes based on the reading:
How did the Crusades influence European colonization projects?
Explain the relationship between religion, commerce, and conquest at the beginning of European exploration and colonization.
Imagine you are an European explorer in the 1400s. Do you think you would be most motivated by religious conversion, global market opportunities, or competition with other European nations? Why?

3. Columbian Exchange
Exchange of food, diseases, and people between the New World and the Old World starting in 1450.
Mental maps!

4. cows turkey sheep llama pigs tobacco horses chocolate wheat
Western Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
cows
sheep
pigs
horses
wheat
rice
cotton
silk
sugar
coffee
measles
small pox
influenza
turkey
llama
tobacco
chocolate
corn (maize)
squash
beans
chilies
potatoes
tomatoes

5. Warm-up
List the areas that remained outside the new global economy prior to 1600.
List the areas that were added in the 17th century.
Evaluate the results of the creation of a world economy.

6. Mercantilism
An economic theory that stresses governments’ promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenue OR
An economic theory where core nations buy raw materials cheaply from their colonies and sell expensive manufactured goods to them w/no competition.

7. Document 1: What is mercantilism?
Mercantilism, an economic system that stresses the goals of the national government rather than the individual […] Mercantilism was the main economic system in Europe during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. This system required the national government to strictly control businesses to meet certain objectives, such as exporting (selling) more goods to other countries than importing (buying) goods from other countries. Within a country, trade barriers (such as taxes) were dropped. According to mercantilist philosophy, [using] the natural resources of a nation's colonies was a worthwhile effort. Enotes.com. What is mercantilism? 03 Nov

8. Document 2
“[…] from thence forward, no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands […] in any other […] ships or […] vessels whatsoever, but in such ships or vessels as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of England […] or are built of and belonging to any the lands [of English people] and whereof the master and three fourths of the mariners at least are English.”
Navigation Act of 13 September 1660

9. Document 3
“[…] That from and after [25 December 1733] there shall be […] paid unto and for the use of His Majesty … upon all rum or spirits […] the sum of nine pence, money of Great Britain […] for every gallon thereof. […] and upon all molasses or syrups of such foreign produce or manufacture […] which shall be brought into said colonies […] the sum of sixpence of like money for every gallon thereof.”
Molasses Act, 1733

10. Document 4
“But in spite of all efforts the Navigation Acts could scarcely be enforced at all. It may be said that the whole people became lawbreakers, and often the customs officials and even the governors connived at their practice. Smuggling was universal. It went on regardless of the admiralty courts established in most of the colonies. "Juries found their verdicts against the most undoubted facts." The Molasses Act was certainly an economic and a political [mistake]; it not only made the people lawbreakers, it led them to hold Parliament in contempt, as not able to enforce its own laws.”
History of the USA: The Navigation Acts. 03 Nov

11. Document 5
“[…] no sugars, tobacco, cotton-wool, indigoes, ginger, fustic, or other dyeing wood, of the growth, production, or manufacture of any English plantations in America […] shall be […] transported from any of the said English plantations to any land […] other than to such other English plantations as do belong to his Majesty […] under penalty of the forfeiture of the said goods, or the full value thereof, as also of the ship, with all her guns, tackle, apparel, ammunition, and furniture[…]”
Navigation Act of 13 September 1660

12. Document 6
“Some things, however, the Parliament did purely to favor the colonies, -- it prohibited the raising of tobacco in England and kept Spanish tobacco out by high duties (duty = tax), it kept out Swedish iron by a high tariff [tariff = tax on imports], to the advantage of the colonies, and it paid a bounty on various colonial products.”
History of the USA: The Navigation Acts. 03 Nov

13. Explain how the British government applied the theory of mercantilism and discuss the effect on the American colonies

14. Around the World!
5 min on each continent. You can use your notes and/or the textbook to help you answer the questions.

20. C
How was the global trade network of the 15th century different from that of previous eras?
There was no trade between civilizations prior to the 15th century.
Trade prior to the 15th century was limited to the Western Hemisphere.
In previous eras, most attention was given to the development of larger regional economies and cultural zones, rather than a truly global network.
Trade in previous eras was almost entirely in the hands of the West.

21. B
Which of the following was one of the first new areas brought into the global commercial network after 1450?
Eastern Africa
The Americas
Asia Minor
Scandinavia

22. B The captain of the first Portuguese fleet to reach India was
Amerigo Vespucci.
Vasco da Gama.
Christopher Columbus.
Ferdinand Magellan.

23. C
What British commercial institution ruled India for much of the 18th century?
The British Tea and Spice Company
The Raj Trading Company
The British East India Company
The Calcutta and Madras Limited

24. A In Asia, significant conversion to Christianity
occurred only in the northern Philippines.
was limited to the Dutch holding in Indonesia.
happened wherever the Westerners were able to establish colonies.
failed to occur anywhere.

25. C
In which of the following regions was European settlement a significant factor in the establishment of colonies?
West Indies
Indonesia
Dutch South Africa
China

26. Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
Chapter 17
*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

27. Chapter 17

28. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power
Chapter 17
The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power
Increasing contact from 12th century
From Crusades, Reconquista
Familiarity with imports
Changes
Mongol fall
Ottomans intervene
European efforts to expand

29. New Technology: A Key to Power Deep-draught ships
Chapter 17
New Technology: A Key to Power
Deep-draught ships
Better on ocean voyages
Armaments better
Compasses, mapmaking help navigation

30. Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies
Chapter 17
Portugal and Spain Lead the Pack
Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies

31. Prince Henry the Navigator Expeditions along African coast
Chapter 17
Prince Henry the Navigator
Expeditions along African coast
1488, pass Cape of Good Hope
1498, Vasco da Gama reaches India
1514, Portuguese to Indonesia, China
Columbus
To Americas, 1492
Ferdinand Magellan
1519, begins
circumnavigation of the
world

32. Northern European Expeditions
Chapter 17
Northern European Expeditions
England, Holland, France take the initiative
1588, British defeat Spanish Armada
1534, French cross the Atlantic and settle Canada  bring lots of French people
1497, British sail to North America
1600s, begin colonization  bring lots of British people
Dutch  colonies based on trade with the Dutch East India Company
North American territory
Indonesia
Chartered companies  Little government supervision

33. The Columbian Exchange of Disease and Food
Chapter 17
Toward a World Economy
The Columbian Exchange of Disease and Food
Native Americans, Polynesians lack immunities
Slaves imported
New World plants: Corn, sweet potato, potato
Old World animals: Horse, cattle
West's Commercial Outreach
Continuities
Asian shipping in Chinese, Japanese waters
Muslim traders along east African coast
Turks in eastern Mediterranean
Europeans Remain on coast in Africa, Asia

34. Chapter 17
Columbian Exchange

35. Imbalances in World Trade Spain and Portugal lack financial systems
Chapter 17
Imbalances in World Trade
Spain and Portugal lack financial systems
England, France, Holland
More lasting economic presence in their colonies
Mercantilism
Exports, home production protected
Dependent areas supply raw materials
A System of International Inequality
Permanent state of dependence
But peasants mostly unaffected
Forced labor becomes widespread to meet demand

36. II. Toward a World Economy How Much World in the World Economy?
Chapter 17
II. Toward a World Economy How Much World in the World Economy?
Not all areas affected
East Asia self-sufficient
China uninterested in world economy  Keeps Europeans out
Japan  More open initially, closes doors, 17th to 19th centuries
The Expansionist Trend
Mughal Empire in decline  British, French move in
Eastern Europe  Exports grain to the West

37. Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies
Chapter 17
Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies

38. The Americas: Loosely Controlled Colonies Spanish colonies West Indies
Chapter 17
The Americas: Loosely Controlled Colonies
Spanish colonies
West Indies
1509, Panama
Aztec, Incas conquered  Loosely supervised conquistadors
Search for gold  take tribute rather than conquer
Administration develops along with missionary activity
North America colonized from 17th century
French: Canada, Mississippi
Dutch, English, Atlantic seaboard
West Indies (Caribbean), colonized by all three

39. French, British and Dutch Holdings
Chapter 17
French, British and Dutch Holdings

40. British and French North America: Backwater Colonies
Chapter 17
British and French North America: Backwater Colonies
Different pattern from Latin America
Religious refugees
Land grants
Canada
French establish estates
Controlled by French government, Catholic church was influential
1763, French relinquish Canada, Mississippi
Little merging of natives and immigrants
Enlightenment ideas popular
North America and Western Civilization
European-style family
European economic, political ideas

41. Africa and Asia: Coastal Trading Stations
Chapter 17
Africa and Asia: Coastal Trading Stations
Barriers: climate, disease, geography
Angola
Portuguese slaving expeditions
South Africa
1652, Dutch found Cape Town  way station
Settlers move into interior  Conflicts with natives
Asia
Spain into Philippines  Conversion
Indonesia  Dutch East India Company
Also Taiwan briefly
French and British fight for control of India
1744, war begins, British win out

42. Impact on western Europe
Chapter 17
Impact on western Europe
Hostilities between countries exacerbated
Seven Years War
First global war
The Impact of a New World Order
Slave trade affects Africa
Latin America, eastern Europe
affected by slavery, serfdom