3. Plains Indians—Assessment concepts
Genesis & essence of the conflict between Europeans/Americans and American Indians?
Common Themes of Plains Indians.
Dominant Native American cultures of Great Plains.
What are the Periods of Federal Indian Policy?
What are the short-term & long-term implications of major Treaties, Policies, court cases and Acts?
What was/is the motivation for these Government actions?

4. Plains Indians assessment questions—
3. What are the reasons & implications of Poverty on many of Montana’s Reservations.
What are some of the indicators, predictors and costs of Poverty for all people?
4. What is the Legal Justification for the Cobell Lawsuit?
-Do you interpret this ruling as supportive or not supportive of traditional democratic ideals?

5. Work on your timeline.

6. Genesis & Essence of Conflict
NATIVE AMERICA
EUROPEAN
ANAMISTIC
Respect and fear
Limited exploitation-balance
Circular relationship with everything
Very different sense of territory-shared territory
Limited Private Property
CHRISTIAN
Doctrine of Discovery
Dominate and Full exploitation
Triangle like hierarchy with everything
Nation States-borders are sacred
Private property is absolute

7. NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE AMERICAN/INDIAN/FIRST PEOPLE CULTURE AREAS

9. “Dominate Plains Indian Cultures” 1800’s
BLACKFEET
SIOUX: LAKOTA, OGLALA, NAKOTA (aka YANKTON)
CHEYENNE
COMMANCHE

10. BLACKFEET

11. CURRENT BLACKFEET RESERVATION--USA

12. SIOUX—HORSE & BUFFALO CULTURE!

13. NATIVE PEOPLE AND FIRE
HORSE RACING

15. TRADITIONAL SIOUX TERRITORY—Minnesota and the Dakotas

16. CURRENT SIOUX RESERVATIONS IN YELLOW

17. SIOUX MORALITY: RED ROAD OR BLACK ROAD? YOU DECIDE….

18. CHEYENNE---WYOMING AND COLORADO

19. CHEYENNE

20. COMMANCHE—NORTH TEXAS

21. COMMANCHE—TRADITIONAL TERRITORY

23. COMMANCHE BISON HUNTING---GEORGE CATLIN

24. Common Theme?
HORSE
BUFFLO/BISON
NOMADIC: for a reason
Warfare…..

25. DOGS AND NATIVE PEOPLE—BEAST OF BURDEN, PROTECTION, TRANSPORTATION & FOOD

26. THE WOLF CAME IN TO SIT BY THE MANS FIRE---GENETIC DIVERSITY!

27. Its hard to believe, but Timber and Lucy share almost identical DNA with a Wolf!

28. MADISON BUFFALO JUMP!

29. PLAINS INDIANS—HORSE AND BUFFALO CULTURE

30. THE KEY TO PLAINS INDIAN SURVIVAL

31. ALCOHOL, GUNS, METAL, HORSE!

32. FORT LARAMIE TREATY--1851

33. Summary of Contents:
Effects the following Tribes: Cheyenne, Sioux, Arapaho, Crow, Assiniboine, Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nations
1. Allow the government to establish posts and roads;
2. Allow travelers, railroad surveyors, and construction workers to enter tribal lands safely;
3. Pay for any wrongdoing of their people;
select head chiefs to deal with U.S. government agents;
4. Cease fighting with other tribes.
5. The United States had to protect Indians from U.S. citizens;
6. Deliver annuities if the terms of the treaty.

34. Problems with the Treaty:
1. Lack of interpreters
Treaty written in English 
2. Government made decisions through elected representatives. 
Western Indian tribes made decisions when all of the people agreed (consensus).
The tribes agreed to appoint chiefs who signed the document, but they could not control the people who were not part of the decisions.
The terms of the treaty were broken by U. S. citizens, the government, and the tribes. 

35. AMERICA 1854—THE KANSAS NEBRASKA ACT:
*RAIL ROAD
*FARMING
*INDIANS LOSE 18.5 MILLION ACRES.

36. 1859 COLORADO GOLD RUSH!

37. GOLD RUSH--

38. SAND CREEK MASSACRE/CHIVINGTON MASSACRE—1864:
GOLD AND THE CIVIL WAR

39. SAND CREEK---FEAR & FRUSTRATION FUELS THIS MASSACRE

40. SAND CREEK MASSACRE

41. MASSACRE PAINTING BY WITNESS, HOWLING WOLF--1864

42. Detail from The Sand Creek massacre, painted on elk hide by Northern Arapaho artist Eugene Ridgely

44. “THE BLOODY BOZEMAN”

45. “THE BLOODY BOZEMAN”—PIONEER FEMALE WESTERN WRITER & MISSOULA RESIDENT, DORTHY M. JOHNSON

48. SIOUX--CRAZY HORSE
??? Legend says he was Never photographed—photo on left may be C.H.
“he was a gentle warrior, a true brave, who stood for the highest ideal of the Sioux. Notwithstanding all that biased historians have said of him, it is only fair to judge a man by the estimate of his own people rather than that of his enemies.
Pencil drawing of CH

49. “You are fools to make yourself slaves to a piece of fat bacon, some hard-tack and a little sugar and coffee
*Sitting Bull
“…to Christianize and civilize the Indian and to train him in the arts and peace”
*President U.S. Grant