1. UNIT 5 REVIEW SHEET KEY

2. MUTATIONS SECTION 12. A change in DNA. 13. Mutagen
14. The order of amino acids determines the type of protein made; therefore, a frameshift Mutation is more destructive because it changes more amino acids, which affects the protein more: there is no chance it could ever be a silent mutation.
15. Gene mutation affects only a small segment of DNA. Chromosomal mutations affect large amounts of DNA = a large number of proteins are affected.
16. Gametes = Meiosis
17. NO / Most are Neutral substitution mutations that cause genetic variation.
18. A. Substitution = Point (changes ONLY ONE AMINO ACID)
B. Insertion = Frameshift (moves all nucleotides over and affect MANY AMINO ACIDS).
C. Deletion = Frameshift (moves all nucleotides over and affect MANY AMINO ACIDS).

3. DNA SECTION
1. S = & P = BASE SEQUENCE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT = C, T, G, T, A
2. Nucleotide
3. Double Helix
4. Hydrogen Bonds / so we can open the strands for replication & transcription to read the code
5.Phosphate & Sugar
6. Nitrogen Base
7. Replication / Nucleus / S Phase of Interphase in cell cycle for reproduction or repair.
8. 3 (2 new strands of DNA), 1 (DNA unwinds and unzips), & 2 (DNA nucleotides are added)

4. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PAGE 3 SECTION
19. A. Transcription
B. Replication
C. Translation
20. Nucleus / a ribosome
21. DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid, Deoxyribose, ATCG, Double & Nucleus
RNA = Ribonucleic Acid, Ribose, AUCG, Nucleus & Cytoplasm
22. A. mRNA
B. rRNA
C. tRNA
D. rRNA
E. mRNA
F. tRNA  must be complimentary to codon for ribosome to keep that amino acid
G. tRNA
H. mRNA
I. rRNA

5. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PAGE 4-5 SECTION
23. Protein / Ribosomes
24. Amino Acids/ tRNA
25. 1 codon / 3 bases
26. Make sure for DNA strand A – T, and C – G, for mRNA and tRNA A-U and C-G. If this was done correctly the amino acid sequence should be: Glu – Glu Acid – Leu – Leu – Val
27. A – Nucleus
B. mRNA
C. Ribosome
D. tRNA
E. Anticodon
F. Codon
28. Figure 1 depicts REPLICATION
Figure 2 depicts TRANSCRIPTION
Figure 3 depicts TRANSLATION
Figure 4 depicts a MUTATION
29. NO / the environment can influence the expression of a gene
30. Sunlight, radiation, temperature, rain, etc. = evironmental factors.