1. Mermaid Syndrome
Video

2. Mutations
Any change in DNA sequence that also changes the protein it codes for
A Mutation can occur in a reproductive cell (gamete) or a body cell

3. Mutagen Any agent that causes a change in DNA
EX: High exposure to radiation, chemical, or high temperature

4. NOT passed on to your offspring
Body Cell Mutation
Gamete Mutation
NOT passed on to your offspring
EX: UV Radiation
Passed on to an offspring

5. 2 kinds of Mutations
1) Point Mutations
2) Frameshift Mutations

6. Point Mutations
A change in a single nitrogen base in DNA (just 1 letter changes)
A single letter change can change the entire structure by changing 1 amino acid
Less harmful

7. EX: Point Mutation THE DOG BIT THE CAT
1 CHANGE IN THE LETTER CAN MAKE IT....
THE DOG BIT THE CAR

9. 2. Frameshift Mutation A single base is added OR deleted
Shifts the reading of Codons
Every codon after the mutation is changed

10. EX: Deletion THE DOG BIT THE CAT DELETE G THE DOB ITT HEC AT
Every amino acid that the codon codes for is changed
Very harmful

11. Deletion

12. Chromosomal Mutations
When a chromosome breaks or rejoins another chromosome

13. 4 Types:
Deletions
Insertions
Inversions
Translocations

14. Deletion: a part of a chromosome is left out

15. Insertion: part of a chromatid breaks off and attached to its sister chromatid

16. Inversion: part of a chromosome breaks off and reinserted backwards

17. Translocations: part chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome