1. Review Sheet: DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis

2. Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of _______
Question #1
Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of _______

3. Answer to Question #1
Nucleotides

4. A nucleotide consists of _______, _________, and __________.
Question #2
A nucleotide consists of _______, _________, and __________.

5. a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
Answer to Question #2
a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

6. Question #3
The part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid is named is the _______

7. Answer to Question #3
sugar - deoxyribose

8. Question #4
Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?

9. Purines are Adenine and Guanine
Answer to Question #4
Purines are Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines are Thymine and Cytosine

10. Question #5 Which of the following is not true about DNA replication?
a. It must occur before a cell can divide
b. Two complementary strands are duplicated.
c. The double strand unwinds and unzips while it is being duplicated.
d. The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens.

11. d. The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens.
Answer to Question #5
d. The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens.

12. RNA differs from DNA in that RNA a. _______ b. _______ c. _______
Question #6
RNA differs from DNA in that RNA
a. _______
b. _______
c. _______

13. contains the nitrogen base uracil.
Answer to Question #6
is single-stranded.
contains the nitrogen base uracil.
contains a different sugar molecule.

14. In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to _______
Question #7
In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to _______

15. Answer to Question #7
uracil

16. The function of rRNA is to form _______
Question #8
The function of rRNA is to form _______

17. Answer to Question #8
ribosomes

18. Question #9
During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is “rewritten” as a molecule of _______

19. Answer to Question #9
messenger RNA

20. Question #10
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n) _______

21. Answer to Question #10
codon

22. Each of the following is a type of RNA except
Question #11
Each of the following is a type of RNA except
a. carrier RNA.
b. messenger RNA.
c. ribosomal RNA.
d. transfer RNA.

23. Answer to Question #11
a. carrier RNA.

24. Question #12 A ribosome has A. one binding site for DNA.
B. three binding sites used during translation.
C. four binding sites for tRNA.
D. no binding sites since the proteins must detach.

25. B. three binding sites used during translation.
Answer to Question #12
B. three binding sites used during translation.
NOT ON THE TEST!!!

26. Question #13
The form of ribonucleic acid that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes is _______

27. Answer to Question #13
mRNA

28. Question #14
Refer to the illustration. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given to determine which of the following contains a DNA sequence that codes for this amino acid sequence.
a. AUGGGUCUAUAUACG
b. ATGGGTCTATATACG
c. GCAAACTCGCGCGTA
d. ATAGGGCTTTAAACA
mRNA codons
amino acid
UAU, UAC
tyrosine
CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG
proline
GAU, GAC
aspartic acid
AUU, AUC, AUA
isoleucine
UGU, UGC
cysteine

29. Answer to Question #14
b. ATGGGTCTATATACG

30. Question #15 Transfer RNA
a. carries an amino acid to its correct codon.
b. synthesizes amino acids as they are needed.
c. produces codons to match the correct anticodons.
d. converts DNA into mRNA.

31. a. carries an amino acid to its correct codon.
Answer to Question #15
a. carries an amino acid to its correct codon.
amino acid
attachment site U A C
anticodon

32. Question #16
Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n) _______

33. Answer to Question #16
RNA molecule

34. Question #17
A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base is called a(n) _______

35. Answer to Question #17
nucleotide

36. Question #18
The name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is _______

37. Answer to Question #18
deoxyribose

38. Question #19
Watson and Crick determined that DNA molecules have the shape of a(n) _______

39. Answer to Question #19
double helix

40. Question #20
Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen bases in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be _________to each other.

41. Answer to Question #20
complementary

42. The process by which DNA copies itself is called _______
Question #21
The process by which DNA copies itself is called _______

43. Answer to Question #21
replication

44. The nitrogen-containing base that is only found in RNA is _______
Question #22
The nitrogen-containing base that is only found in RNA is _______

45. Answer to Question #22
uracil

46. Messenger RNA is produced during the process of _____
Question #23
Messenger RNA is produced during the process of _____

47. Answer to Question #23
transcription

48. Question #24
During translation, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules of _______

49. transfer RNA Answer to Question #24 U A C amino acid attachment site
anticodon

50. Question #25
Nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to codons on mRNA are called _______

51. Answer to Question #25
anticodons

52. Question #26
The sequence of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids or stop signals in the synthesis of protein is called a(n) _______

53. Answer to Question #26
codon

54. Question #27
The information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein during the process of _____

55. Answer to Question #27
translation

56. Question #28
Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.
_____ pairs with ______
______ pairs with _________

57. Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.
________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________
Answer to Question #28
Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.
_________ pairs with ______
______ pairs with _________ T A G C

58. Question #29
For each process below, identify where it occurs in the cell and what is produced.
Replication:
Transcription:
Translation

59. Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.
________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________
Answer to Question #29
For each process below, identify where it occurs in the cell and what is produced.
Replication:
Transcription:
Translation
Nucleus, identical DNA strand
Nucleus, mRNA
Ribosomes, tRNA - protein

60. Question #30
List three differences between DNA and RNA a. b. c.

61. Answer to Question #30 List three differences between DNA and RNA a.
Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.
________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________
Answer to Question #30
List three differences between DNA and RNA a. b. c.
DNA – double strand; RNA – single strand
DNA – deoxyribose sugar; RNA – ribose sugar
DNA – Thymine nitrogen base; RNA – Uracil nitrogen base

62. Question #31
Identify 3 types of RNA, where they are found and what they do. a. b. c.

63. Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.
________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________
Answer to Question #31
Identify 3 types of RNA, where they are found and what they do. a. b. c.
mRNA –
tRNA –
rRNA -

64. Question #32 Use your codon chart on to complete the table below.
DNA Triplet
TTC
mRNA codon
UAG
tRNA
anti-codon
CAG
Amino acid coded
met

65. Answer to Question #32 DNA Triplet TTC mRNA codon UAG tRNA anti-codon
Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.
________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________
Answer to Question #32
DNA Triplet
TTC
mRNA codon
UAG
tRNA
anti-codon
CAG
Amino acid coded
met
TAC
ATC
CAG
AUG
GUC
AAG
UAC
AUC
UUC
VAL
LYS
STOP

66. Question #33
Using the following DNA sequences, identify each of the following: Mutations: substitution, insertion and deletion
TAC GCC AGC CCG AGC TAT AAA ATT
Mutation: ___________________________
1: TAC GCA GCC CGA GCT ATA AAA TT
Mutation ___________________________
2: TAC GCC AGC CCG AAC TAT AAA ATT
3: TAC GCC ATG CCC GAG CTA TAA AAT T

67. TAC GCC AGC CCG AGC TAT AAA ATT
Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.
________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________
Answer to Question #33
Mutations: substitution, insertion and deletion
TAC GCC AGC CCG AGC TAT AAA ATT
Mutation: ___________________________
1: TAC GCA GCC CGA GCT ATA AAA TT
Mutation ___________________________
2: TAC GCC AGC CCG AAC TAT AAA ATT
3: TAC GCC ATG CCC GAG CTA TAA AAT T
DELETION
SUBSTITUTION
INSERTION

68. Question #34
Which mutations above would have the have the greatest impact on an organism? Why?

69. Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.
________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________
Answer to Question #34
Which mutations above would have the have the greatest impact on an organism? Why?
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70. Answer to Last QuestionsC E
D, F G F D H