1. Wednesday, October 28th American Literature
Standard 2
Poe Mini Bio
Notes:
The Raven on page 309
Clean out folders
Finish Reading Young Goodman Brown by next class.

2. Notes
Alliteration: words having the same first consonant sound occurring close together in a line of text. Examples: But a better butter makes a batter better. A big bully beats a baby boy. Assonance: takes place when two or more words close to one another repeat the same vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds. For instance, “Men sell the wedding bells.”

3. Consonance: Consonance refers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase.
Ex. The ship has sailed to the far off shores.
She ate seven sandwiches on a sunny Sunday last year.
Repetition: a literary device that repeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer.
Example 1
I’m nobody! Who are you? Are you nobody too? Then there’s a pair of us-don’t tell! They’d banish us you know.

4. Onomatopoeia: a word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing.
Internal rhyme: a poetic device which can be defined as metrical lines in which its middle words and its end words rhymes with each other. It is also called middle rhyme, since it comes in the middle of lines.
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door….
Onomatopoeia: a word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. 
The buzzing bee flew away.
The sack fell into the river with a splash.
Symbolism: an object representing another to give it an entirely different meaning that is much deeper and more significant. 
The dove is a symbol of peace.
A red rose or red color stands for love or romance.
Black is a symbol that represents evil or death.

5. Tone: an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience
Tone: an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject.
“I want to ask the authorities what is the big deal? Why do not they control the epidemic? It is eating up lives like a monster.”
“I want to draw the attention of the concerned authorities toward damage caused by an epidemic. If steps were not taken to curb it, it will further injure our community”
Mood:  a literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions.Usually, mood is referred to as the atmosphere of a literary piece, as it creates an emotional situation that surrounds the readers. 
“There was no moon, and everything beneath lay in misty darkness: not a light gleamed from any house, far or near all had been extinguished long ago: and those at Wuthering Heights were never visible…”

6. Gothic Literature Characteristics
Set in Medieval times
Dark, mysterious, evil tone
Dark castles, palaces, chambers, haunted mansions
Isolated setting
All come together to emphasize the sense of evil

7. More characteristics
Presence of ghosts, spirits, vampires, and other supernatural entities
Mysterious disappearances and reappearances
Supernatural or paranormal occurrences

8. Characteristics -- cont’d.
Religion, usually Christianity or at least spirituality, is confronted.
A gothic “double” is used in which a character who seems to be good is linked with another who is evil
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9. More characteristics Blood, pain, death Cruelty Eroticism
Characters with “aberrant psychological states”
Events are “uncanny, macabre, or melodramatically violent bordering between reality and unreality

10. Purpose
To evoke “terror” versus “horror” in the reader because of situations bordering reality/unreality
Often used to teach a message
May lack a Medieval setting but will develop an atmosphere of gloom and terror

11. Differentiating between the two
Horror
“An awful apprehension”
Described distinctly
Something grotesque
So appalling, unrealistic
Depends on physical characteristics
Terror
“A sickening realization”
Suggestive of what will happen
Depends on reader’s imagination
Sense of uncertainty
Creates an “intangible atmosphere of spiritual psychic dread”

12. American Gothic Important from the mid-18th Century on
Related to “Romantic Period”
Criticizes “national myth of new-world innocence by voicing the cultural contradictions that undermine the nation’s claim to purity and equality” - Teresa A. Goddu
Tells of historical horrors that make national identity

13. Southern Gothic
Customary setting because it’s the source of values not necessarily welcome in the rest of the country
Poe was the first Southern gothic writer
Common themes: race, alienation, sense of “otherness”

14. Cyber gothic literature
Situations seem unrealistic during this time period but possible in the future
Dark setting
Nothing natural; all man-made
Characters’ bodies are often altered, making them less human-like
Based on knowledge and a “technologically enhanced future”