1. Community Corrections
Notes Worksheet

2. Goals and Roles of Community Corrections
The staff of community corrections have two goals that often seem to conflict:
Law enforcer – supervise to endure compliance with the rules of their community sentence
Helping agent – assist offenders in identifying and addressing their problems and needs
Provide services directly (counseling)
Resource broker – after identification of offender’s problems and needs, refers offender to various community agencies for help
Advocacy – advocate or lobby for services not available in the community but are needed
The roles are reflected in the goals (law enforcer, helping agent as service provider, resource broker, and advocate)

3. Brief History of Probation
Probation developed from practices under English Common Law
Benefit of clergy (appeal to court for leniency by reading from the Bible)
Judicial reprieve (request to the judge to suspend sentence on condition of future good behavior
John Augustus
Boston shoemaker
“Father” of probation
Assumed responsibility for minor offenders and reported their behavior to judge
Probation system spawned by his actions

4. 3 Stages of Probation Sentence
Placement by judicial authority (probation is a sentence given by a judge)
Judge must consider factors when determining if probation is appropriate
Probation officers usually assists in the decision by completing a PSI report
Determines risk offender presents and offender’s needs
Five elements or sections of PSI – demographic info is contained in the face sheet
Supervision and delivery of services by probation officer
Curfew checks/weekly or periodic visits
Drug testing
Classes to attain GED
Termination of Probation
Successful completion
Revocation due to violations (technical or recidivism) #6

5. Probation Conditions & Types of Probation
General or Standard – applies to all offenders who receive a sentence of probation
Obey all laws, possess no firearms, maintain gainful employment
Submit to visits from probation officer, report changes in address
Specific Conditions
Drug testing and drug abuse counseling, anger management courses
Obtain a GED, complete community service
Types of Probation
Straight probation – no incarceration or residential placement
Suspended-sentence probation – jail or prison sentence given but suspended if probation conditions are met – similar to straight
Split sentence – one sentence divided into two parts: six months jail followed by 2 years of probation
Shock probation – two sentences: jail or prison time – then recalled to court soon after and placed on probation
Residential probation – includes placement in a structured but open environment such as a halfway house

6. Goals of Parole Relieve and control prison crowding
Control the behavior of inmates (type of reward)
Protect community (only well-behaved are eligible) monitored for period of time prior to unsupervised release
Rehabilitate offender – provide services that are more available on the outside

7. Types/Mechanisms and Components of Parole
Mandatory Parole – by statutory decree (legislative body establishes parole time periods)
Discretionary Parole – parole board (board determines criteria and makes decision of whether or not offender receives parole
Components
Parole release (actually release to parole/community) released from prison
Parole supervision community-based supervision

8. Significant Court Cases
Morrissey v. Brewer – for parolees pending parole revocation
Written notice detailing alleged violation(s)
Disclose evidence of violation
Impartial or neutral hearing authority
Appear and offer defense (to include testimony, documents, witnesses)
Cross-examine witnesses and notice of decision (including explanation)
Griffin v. Wisconsin – probation officers may conduct search of probationers residence without warrant or probable cause (probation is a sentence)

9. Significant Court Cases
Mempa v. Rhay – notice of revocation, hearing, and counsel (probationers)
Gagnon v. Scarpelli – for probationers pending probation revocation
Two hearings – probable cause hearing (evidence of violation) and more detailed hearing to make a determination of revocation
Extended the rights in the Morrissey v. Brewer decision to probationers
Greenholtz v. Nebraska – parole boards do not have to disclose reasons for denial of parole but encouraged to provide guidelines to help offenders prepare.