1. History of Asia
STUDY GUIDE India Vietnam China Japan Korea

2. India’s Independence

3. British Colonization
Great Britain controlled India for nearly two hundred years, but by the early 1900s the British control of the region was starting to weaken.
Nationalism began to grow.
Indian National Congress was formed.
Mohandas Gandhi’s leadership was strong.

4. What is nationalism? Nationalism is loyalty and devotion to a nation.
Wanting independence from a foreign nation.
In the early 1900s, nationalism grew in India.
Indians were upset by British rule, because they were treated as second-class citizens in their own country.

5. The Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress (INC) was formed in 1885.
The goal of the organization was to gain rights and opportunities for the people of India.

6. Mohandas Gandhi Although he was peaceful, he was imprisoned on many occasions!
Gandhi led India’s struggle for independence from Great Britain.
~ Encouraged the practice of nonviolence
~Encouraged civil disobedience against laws that were unfair
~Led fasts, protest marches, and boycotts of British goods.. Ex: (Salt)

7. Independence and Fear…
Gandhi’s efforts were successful.
India won independence from Britain in 1947
Tensions between the Hindus and Muslims caused a crisis. There was a religious division within the country.

8. To avoid civil war, the British agreed to the partition, or division, of India.
In 1947 two independent countries were formed – (India and Pakistan)
~India which was mostly Hindu
~Pakistan which was mostly Muslim

9. Vietnam
Before WWII Vietnam, was a part of a group of countries called Indochina. (ruled by France)
Communism in Vietnam
Leader: Ho Chi Minh (Communist Party)
Vietcong ( Guerilla Warfare) forces that supported efforts to reunite North and South Vietnam under communist rule.

10. Vietnam are Still Communist
How did they win:
Network of jungles used as a military route
Ho Chin Minh Trail, hid the Vietcong (communist soldiers) preventing the United States beating them.
Cambodia and Loas were affected by the U.S. actions in the Vietnam War (they are still communist countries)

11. CHINA Chinese Nationalist leader: Chiang Kai- shek
Led Chinese Communist: Mao Zedong
~Results of the Civil War: Communist won, Chiang maintained
the republic by moving to the island of Taiwan where he established economic development and political stability.
~Chinese Communist party- Established the people republic of China in 1949

12. MAO & China
China practiced a “Policy of Isolationism” lagged behind in industrialization.
Great Leap Forward: Wanted to get ahead agriculturally
Support from peasants- Stated they were making more food than they did.
Result: People were resistant did not want to move
Effects: Famine (People died of starvation)

13. Mao: Cultural Revolution
What: Elimination of western ideas
New Army: Red Guard
Leader after the death of Mao: Deng Xiaoping

14. In 1976, Mao died; his death was followed by retreat from many of his policies. (Isolationism)
China began to end isolation from rest of world in the early 1970s.
China’s new leader, Deng Xiaoping, helped put in place far-reaching economic reforms

16. JAPAN~~ ATOMIC~~ BOMBS General Information about the bombings
On August 6, 1945, the U.S. dropped an Atomic Bomb on the city of Hiroshima, Japan.
60,000-80,000 people died as a direct result of the bomb blast.
About 100 square miles of the city was completely destroyed.
Over the next 10 years, 40,000 people died as a result of injuries from the bomb or radiation poisoning.
On August 7, 1945, the U.S. demanded Japan surrender immediately and unconditionally.
On August 9, 1945, the U.S. dropped a second Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki, Japan.

17. Potsdam Declaration-> Hiroshima -> Nagasaki
Japan was warned to not get involved in the war.
Japan did not heed warnings
Hiroshima and Nagaski were bombed

18. Korea ~38th Parallel- Boundary that separated north and south
After the Korean war-
Divided (North and South)
Soviets (North-Communist)
United States (South- Democratic)
~38th Parallel- Boundary that
separated north and south

19. Korean war started: North invaded South
U.S.- wanted to stop the spread of communism
~Domino Theory- The belief that if one country became communist, others would follow suit and also become communist
~Reunification- Belief that all Koreans should know and share a common history and culture. The two countries agreed to work towards peace, yet still have tension.