1. 1914 – World War I After the wars… Age of extremes:
Regions fighting for power and territory
Empires weakened, monarchies toppled, new nations form
Age of extremes:
democracies vs. dictatorships
prosperity vs. poverty

2. Overview of era WWI – destroyed empires, weakened Europe
Interwar period
Economic crisis
Dictatorial regimes
Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Soviet Russia
WWII – largest, bloodiest, costliest warfare
Cold War: Communism vs. Capitalism
Decolonization
Democratization
Modernization
Globalization

3. World War I – causes M.A.I.N. Militarism Alliances Imperialism
Rise of Britain’s navy/empire – made Germany jealous
Alliances
Triple Entente: France, Russia, Britain
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria, Italy (Italy later switches)
Imperialism
Competition for colonies in Africa, India, SE Asia
Nationalism
Balkan peninsula
Pan-Slavic Movement vs. Russification

4. World War I 1914 - 1918 Short Term Causes:
Balkans: “Powder Keg of Europe”
Assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austria declares war
Russia to Serbian defense
Germany mobilizes
France aids Russia
The Schlieffen Plan – attack France quickly
Western Front – stalemate, trench warfare
Zimmerman Note – angers US into entering war

5. After World War I Paris Peace Conference Left out the Central Powers
Treaties for defeated nations: Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman
Treaty of Versailles: agreement w/Germany
Wilson’s Fourteen Points – largely ignored
End secret treaties, freedom of seas, reduction of arms, decolonization, self-determination
Dismantled Austria-Hungary; formed new nations of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Finland, Latvia; Force immigration; Mandate system in Middle East
Germany – War Guilt clause, loss of territory, loss of colonies, disarmament, war payments

6. World War II – build up to war
Nazi Germany
Hitler ignores Versailles – rebuilds army, annexes Austria
Takes Czechoslovakia – appeasement does not work
Militaristic Japan
Military takes control of government
Invades mainland China, fights in Siberia, attacks Pearl Harbor, takes territory in SE Asia

7. World war II - effects Holocaust: 12 million deaths, 6 million Jews
Refugees – displaced persons
Nations/cities in ruins
Poverty
Shortage of food, clothing, consumer goods
Colonies push for independence
Divided world power – US and USSR
Europe – becomes Cold War battleground, dismantles Europe’s global dominance

8. The Cold War US: Democratic capitalism USSR: Communism
Deadliest arms race – fundamental shift in world power
Features:
- technological: arms race, space race (Sputnik)
- geopolitical: global influence – developing nations
- ideological: divided nations (ex:N and S Korea)
NATO, Warsaw pact
Korean War, Vietnam War

9. Global balance of power
Reduction of European Influence
The League of Nations
The United Nations
Decolonization – Africa, Middle East, Latin America, South and SE Asia
New nationalism emerges: Middle East divides, Soviet Union dissolves, Chinese Republic forms

10. Middle east Post WWI Post WWII
Young Turks under Kemal- Turkey (secular)
Rest become mandates (under Br and Fr)
Post WWII
Formation of Isreal
OPEC- cooperative interests
War on Terrorism- response to West

11. Modernization: Four Models
The West: Western Europe, US, Canada
The Tigers: Japan, Taiwan, S. Korea, Indonesia, Singapore
Eastern Europe: Soviet Union, Eastern Block nations
Developing Nations: Asia, Africa, Middle East, Latin America

12. The West Stable democratization Economic prosperity
Thorough urbanization
Commitment to social equality (impact of women)
Creation of social welfare systems
Scientific and technological achievements
Economies that emphasize services, consumerism, technology
Population loss/stagnation?

13. The Asian Tigers Economic and technical modernization Urbanization
High degree/variety of social services
High-tech economies
Japan equal to West
Some democratization
Slow to embrace/tolerate diversity and individualism

14. Eastern Europe Modernized economically Urbanization
Social welfare services
Technological and scientific advancement
Industrialized
Dictatorial and repressive political systems
Difficulties moving toward democracy and economic prosperity

15. Developing Nations Trying to attain advanced economic systems
Considering representative government
Two extremes: progress or backwardness
Poverty, civil war, dictatorship
Women’s status
Population Growth!

16. Globalization
It can be described as a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and functioning together. This process is a combination of social, cultural, economic, technological, and political forces.
Multinational corporations
Regional alliances – European Union
G-7 then G-8 (US, Canada, G. Britain, Japan, Germany, France, Italy, Russia)
WTO
NAFTA

17. Revolution 1917 Russian Revolution – from Tsar to communism
1927 People’s Republic of China – to communism
1959 Cuban Revolution – dictator to communism
1979 Iranian Revolution – secular to theocracy

18. Causes of 20th Century Revolutions
WWI and WWII
--dislocated soldiers in colonies
--weakened imperial countries (France and England)
Intellectual Climate
--impact of Marx and Communism
Anti-Western
--response to imperialism
--failures of western system based on WWI and WWII