1. Lesson 1
Introduction – Computing - Binary – Programming Basics

2. COMPUTER SCIENCE Lesson 1
The potential of Computing – The Future! Apps!
Computing and IT – the difference
We use them every day but what is a computer?
Transistors (the past) and Chips (the amazing present)
Communicating with computers – how do we talk to metal?
The Binary Language – Language of 1s and 0s
Binary Worksheet Task
Communication Method 1: Low Level Languages
Communication Method 2: High Level Languages
Examples of High Level Languages
Scratch as a Visual Language for application development

3. At the end You should know ...
Difference between Computing and ICT
Why Binary?
Speaking in Binary
(converting a number into a binary digit)
Types/Languages of code

4. Computing = the future

5. We live in the age of Information – in the age of APPS!
Think about: The Power of Computing
Every day students like you create simple little game apps & put them on an ADROID
Or IPHONE app store. 99cents may not seem like a lot but imagine if you had
4 million downloads!?!?!?!?

6. Apps aren’t just games
You could be the next App
Millionaire or student that
Changed the world with
an idea!

7. Loads of different app stores

8. So what is computing
ICT (Information and communications technology) and COMPUTING
COMPUTING = CREATING THEM!
ICT = we use excel, PowerPoint, flash, internet browsers, games
COMPUTING = we MAKE Them!

9. COMPUTING
Computing is as much about computers as astronomy is about telescopes.
It’s a SCIENCE
Knowing how things work!

10. How do we make it do stuff?
So what is a Computer?
How can WE
Talk to it!?
Is it alive?
How do we make it do stuff?

11. A Computer is a bunch of circuits!
A circuit can either be
ON or OFF
It needs to be “powered”
So the main “brain” of a computer is essentially a bunch of on and off switches!

12. First ever transistor SWITCH – on /off
In 1954 – This was state of the art. And the first radio had in it 4 transistors

13. The latest CHIPS that control computers today – how many transistors do you think!??!

14. A mind blowing 50 MILLION + transistors
That little chip is called the CPU (Central Processing Unit) It CONTROLS things and is thought of like the “BRAIN” of the computer

15. So how do we humans communicate with these on off switches?!?!?!
All they understand is ON
OFF

16. Very very clever people in the early days of computing realised that they could use a special number system called BINARY
Binary is a language of 1

17. Two type of Programming
Ways we communicate with computers
LOW LEVEL (Binary / Assembly Language)
HIGH LEVEL Languages (like Java, VB, Scratch)

18. SO remember Circuits can be – ON or OFF
1 0
BINARY
BASE 2 Language
It has two digits 1 and 0 and that’s all!!!
Now we need to know how to write a number like 12 or 16 in the BINARY language so a computer can store and understand it.

19. We use this grid going up in multiples of 10 for DECIMAL
RECAP on the DECIMAL SYSTEM base 10 System – probably ‘cos we have 10 fingers 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 (10 digits)
We use this grid going up in multiples of 10 for DECIMAL 32 4 2 1
128 64 16 8

20. BINARY - - Base 2 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 We have two digits 1 and 0
We go up in multiples of 2 (use a grid) to get a convert a Decimal number into Binary

21. BINARY - - Base 2 System
Amazingly – ANY NUMBER in the universe can be represented in Binary
Using just 1s and 0s!!!!
This means we can do ALL sorts of amazing things with computers.
Binary is how we will communicate with them!
Try converting another number from Decimal (our system) to Binary (computer lang!)
*Also notice there are 8 digits (also known as BITS)

22. Convert to Binary 4 33 9 128 64 32 16 8 2 1 DECIMAL NUMBER
Binary Digits  33 9

23. 00000011 Answer: 3 Now try the reverse
Convert the following BINARY digit sequence into its equivalent DECIMAL number
Answer: 3

24. 10000000 Answer: 128 And a Harder one!
Convert the following BINARY digit sequence into its equivalent DECIMAL number.
Answer: 128

25. Ah – it all makes sense! Bits, Bytes, Mega, Giga, Tera (explained)
1 bit = a 1 or 0 (b)
8 bits = 1 byte (B)
1024 bytes = 1 Kilobyte (KB)
1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte (MB)
1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte (GB)
1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte (TB)
Term/Byte
Abbreviation
Value
Kilo
K, KB
1,024 bytes
Mega
M, MB, Mega
1,048,576 bytes (Million)
Giga
G, GB, Giga
1,073,741,824 bytes (Billion)
Tera
T, TB, Tera
1,099,511,628,000 bytes (Trillion)
Peta
P, PB, Peta
lots and lots of bytes! or (1000 TB)

26. Charles Babbage = COOL GUY!
He was the first to come up with a difference engine
And had figured out that you could use
BINARY to communicate with computers

27. Imagine trying to program in Binary

28. Instead we use HIGH Level languages that resemble English or languages we can understand

29. Visit www.teachingcomputing.com for a list of loads of languages
Python – Google
Javascript
Vb.net
Java
Pascal
SCRATCH (visual)
SCRATCH _ DRAGGING BITS OF CODE

30. HOW OUR BRAINS WORK Algorithms
Algorithm – sequence of instructions which performs a meaningful task

31. What have you learned? Computer languages? Why Binary?
Speaking in Binary (converting a number into a binary digit)
Discuss all the amazing things you have learned with a partner and be prepared to feed it back to the class if called on.

32. Homework extension activity
Do some BINARY conversions – teach your parent or a friend what you learned!
Download Scratch if possible. (it’s free)
scratch.mit.edu/

33. Lastly, Why is it called COMPUTER SCIENCE?
Just because our brains do it automatically –doesn’t mean everything else will
We study how our brains do things…and try and replicate that in an inanimate system ….

34. Take this example: Here are a few numbers on a visual screen presented to your brain81 53 32
Your brain contains the information (the Algorithim, if you like)
To do stuff with these numbers.
You could add the numbers
Sort the numbers from smallest to largest.
For you – as a reasonably intelligent human – these tasks aren’t difficult!

35. But how would a computer do it!?81 53 32
Programming Code to sort!!
SORT
You do it easily, but it’s more complex for a computer!
32……53…….81

36. So consider how our brains work!
Some parts of computer science …
… is about copying the way the brain works
It’s about: making a system –a computer –that can do what our brains do!
Artificial Intelligence is a hot research topic at the moment.

37. Take a simple process … Eating If food looks edible What Else
If Food tastes nice
Lift Spoon
Put spoon down
Bite
Taste
Swallow
Spit

38. DISCUSSION: What’s one thing you have learned or enjoyed in this lesson? Write your own code example of a simple task!
And … are you the next Bill Gates?

39. Coming Next Time: An Introduction to Programming What is Programming?
How our brains work (Theory and inspiration)
Algorithms = sequences of instructions
INTRODUCING the 3 main programming constructs
Using the SEQUENCE and SELECTION (IF) programming constructs