1. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP + Heat
Turning sugar into usable energy (ATP)
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP + Heat
Cellular Respiration
Glucose/Sugar
Oxygen
Cellular Respiration
Carbon Dioxide
Stored Energy Molecules
Heat
Water
(Food that we eat)
(Inhale)
(Exhale)
(Exhale)
(Used by body)
(Used by body)

2. ATP – The Battery of Life
Students will be able to describe the structure and properties of ATP and how it provides energy for the cell.

3. ATP *ATP = Adenosine triphosphate
*ATP is a molecule that acts like a charged chemical battery. Our body uses the energy in ATP to power itself, and then recharges it.
Tri phosphate = three phosphates
Adenosine = adenine + ribose

4. ATP
The Energy our body uses is stored in the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate

5. ATP  ADP + Pi + Energy Using ATP
When our body needs energy, it breaks the bond between the 3rd and 2nd phosphate and becomes Adenosine Diphosphate.
Energy
ATP  ADP + Pi + Energy

6. ADP *ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate
*ADP is a molecule that acts like an uncharged chemical battery. Our body needs to supply energy from the sun or food to recharge it into ATP
Energy
Diphosphate = 2 phosphates
Adenosine = adenine + ribose

7. ATP and ADP ATP ADP Charged Battery Not Charged Battery
Tri phosphate = three phosphates
Adenosine = adenine + ribose
Diphosphate = 2 phosphates
Adenosine = adenine + ribose

8. ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP Charging ADP into ATP
Attaching a third phosphate to ADP requires energy. Living things get this energy from the sun or from food.
ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP

9. ATP and ADP Cycle
ATP and ADP cycle - the process of cells breaking down ATP into ADP for energy, and then recharging ADP into ATP using energy from the sun or from food.
Energy from Sunlight or Food
Energy used by the cell
ATP
ADP
Charged Battery
Uncharged Battery
Charging up energy
Using up energy
ATP  ADP + Pi + Energy
ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP

10. ATP ADP Charging up energy Using up energy Energy used by the cell
ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP
ATP
Charged Battery
Charging up energy
Using up energy
Energy used by the cell
Energy from Sunlight or Food
Energy
ADP
Uncharged Battery
ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP

11. ATP ADP Energy used by the cell Energy from Sunlight or Food
Charged Battery
ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP
Energy used by the cell
Energy from Sunlight or Food
ADP
Uncharged Battery
ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP

12. The Mitochondria
Students will be able to label and know the parts of the mitochondria

13. Mitochondria An organelle found in eukaryotic plant and animal cells.
Creates energy by breaking down sugar into ATP.

14. Mitochondria in cells

15. Anatomy of a Mitochondria

16. Anatomy of a Mitochondria
Outer Membrane
Membrane created after endosymbiosis
Inner Membrane
Original membrane before endosymbiosis
*Matrix
Fluid that fills the mitochondria
*Cristae
Folds of the inner membrane

17. Oxidation
We keep talking about oxidation. Look at this image and see if you can figure out what oxidation is. Write it in your notes.

18. Electron Carriers
An electron carrier is a molecule that carries electrons released during chemical reactions to the Electron Transport Chain.
The two electron carriers in Cellular Respiration are:
NADH
FADH2

19. NAD+ H+ e e
NAD
NAD-
NAD+
NADH

20. Electron Carrier
Without Electrons
With Electrons H+ e e
NAD
NAD+
NADH

21. FAD H+ H+ e e
FAD
FAD-
FAD-2
FADH-
FADH2

22. Electron Carrier NAD FAD FADH2 Without Electrons With Electrons H+ H+

23. Glycolysis: The process of breaking sugar
Occurs in the cytoplasm. ANAEROBIC
ATP
ADP
ADP
ATP
Glucose
Input
1 glucose molecule
2 NAD+
2 ATP
Output
4 ATP
2 NADH
2 Pyruvic Acids
NAD+
NAD+
NADH
NADH
ATP
ATP
2 NADH
ATP
ATP
4 ATP
2 Pyruvates

24. Where Does Everything Go?
ATP = stays in cytoplasm
Pyruvic acids= goes to the matrix of the mitochondria
NADH = goes to the Electron Transport Chain
ATP
ATP
NADH
NADH
ATP
ATP
Cytoplasm
Matrix of Mitochondria
Electron Transport Chain

25. How Much ATP is made? Glycolysis spends: -2 ATP
Glycolysis produces: ATP Total Net gain of glycolysis is 2 ATP

26. Krebs’s/Citric Acid Cycle
A coenzyme changes Pyruvic Acid into Acetyl Coenzyme A and 2 Carbon Dioxides are released.
Pyruvic
Acid
Acetyl
CoA
Coenzyme
Carbon Dioxide CO2
Carbon Dioxide CO2

27. Krebs’s/Citric Acid Cycle
Input:
2 Acetyl CoA
Output:
6 Carbon Dioxides (CO2)
8 NADH
2 ATP
2 FADH2
Acetyl CoA
Acetyl Co A
Occurs in the Matrix of the Mitochondria
AEROBIC
NADH
NADH
Carbon Dioxide CO2
Carbon Dioxide CO2
NADH
NADH
NADH
NADH
Carbon Dioxide CO2
FADH2
FADH2
Carbon Dioxide CO2
ATP
ATP
NADH
NADH

28. Electron Transport Chain
Exhaled by body
Output
6 Carbon Dioxide
8 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP
Input:
2 Acetyl CoA
Acetyl Co A
NADH
FADH2
Krebs Cycle
Acetyl Co A
ATP
Back to the cytoplasm
Electron Transport Chain

29. How much ATP is made? Glycolysis Net Gain: 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle produces: 2 ATP
Total ATP: ATP

30. Electron Transport Chain
Occurs in the Cristae (inner membrane) of the MITOCHONDRIA
AEROBIC
Input
FADH2
NADH
Output
6 H2O
32 ATP
NAD+
FAD

31. Electron Transport Chain
NADH and FADH2 lose their Hydrogen Ions and Electrons and return to NAD+ and FAD
The electrons from FADH2 and NADH travel through the electron transport chain.
This provides energy that pulls hydrogen ions out of the matrix.

32. Electron Transport Chain
The hydrogen ions return back to the matrix via ATP synthase.
Every time a hydrogen ion goes through ATP Synthase an ADP and a phosphate combine to create an ATP.
The electrons combine with two hydrogen ions and an oxygen to create water.

33. Space in between the inner and outer membrane
ELECTRON
Transport
Chain
ATP
SYNTHASE
ATP H+
ATP
NADH
NAD+
ATP H+
Matrix H+ H+ H+
FADH2 H+ H H+ H+ H+
Water (H2O)

35. What happens to the electrons?
O + 2e- + 2H+  H2O
Oxygen + 2 electrons Hydrogen Ions  Water

36. Where does everything go?
NAD+ and FAD go back to the cytoplasm and the matrix to be recharged into NADH and FADH2.
ATP returns to the cytoplasm to be used.
Water exits the body.
ATP H O
NAD+
FAD
Out of the body
Cytoplasm
Matrix and or Cytoplasm

37. How much ATP is made? Glycolysis Net Gain: 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle produces: 2 ATP
Electron Transport Chain produces: ATP
Total ATP: ATP