1. BLOOD VESSELS
TUBES in which blood flows to various parts of the body in a closed system.
3 MAIN TYPES of BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERIES
~ Arterioles [smaller and thinner]
VEINS
~ Venules [smaller and thinner]
CAPILLARIES

2. Arteries/Arterioles Carry blood AWAY from the Heart
Carry OXYGENATED BLOOD
** EXCEPTION: PULMONARY ARTERIES
THICK/MUSCULAR ELASTIC WALLS handle HIGH Blood Pressure from the Heart
Capable of contracting [vasocontrict] or relaxing [vasodilate]
Arteries  Arterioles  Capillaries
AORTA is the LARGEST ARTERY
FEMORAL ARTERY in leg

3. Aneurysm – weakness in the wall of the artery – leads to an expansion, or the wall “bubbling” out – gets progressively weaker – can burst – internal bleeding. If it’s the aorta – probable death within minutes.

4. VEINS/ VENULES Carry Blood TO the Heart
Carry DEOXYGENATED BLOOD
***EXCEPTION: PULMONARY VEINS
Contain VALVES to prevent backflow
Thinner/Less ability to contract
Blood Moves BY:
Skeletal Muscle contractions
Resp. Pump-inhaling increases pressure
In abdomen squeezing veins
Veins  Venules Capillaries
VENA CAVA is LARGEST VEIN
When veins become varicose, the leaflets of the valves no longer meet properly, and the valves don't work.

5. CAPILLARIES SMALLEST of blood vessels ONE CELL THICK
Connect arterioles and venules
FOOD/NUTRIENTS to diffuse from blood to cells
WASTE products exchanged through
Diffusion
Slowest moving
Red blood cells within a capillary, a tiny blood vessel that directly feeds oxygen and nutrients to muscle and other tissues of the body.

6. Blood Pressure Pressure in the AORTA
Systolic pressure= pressure in aorta when ventricle contracts [120 mmHg]
Diastolic pressure= pressure in aorta when ventricle relaxes [80 mmHg]

7. Factors that Influence BP
Stroke Volume- volume blood discharged from LEFT Ventricle with each contraction [70 ml]
Cardiac Output- volume of blood discharged from LEFT Ventricle each minute.
CO= SV x HR

8. Factors that Influence BP
SV or HR BP
SV or HR BP
BV BP

9. VASOCONSTRICT= BP
VASODILATE= BP

10. What about the well trained athletes, like Lance Armstrong?
His heart is stronger as well as being significantly larger. Per pump (stroke, beat), his trained heart can output a greater volume of blood than an untrained person (let's called the untrained person Joe Normal). So at rest, both Armstrong and Joe need to move the same volume of blood around per minute to keep everything oxygenated. Each beat of Armstrong's heart is going to move twice as much blood as a beat from Joe's. As a result, Armstrong's heart only needs to beat half as often to keep things oxygenated.
How did this happen? Lots and lots of cardiovascular training. As the heart gets trained, it gets stronger and larger - it is a muscle, just like your biceps grow after multiple bicep curls in the gym. When Lance is sprinting as fast as he can, his heart is not pumping much more often than when a non-athlete is sprinting - but it's pumping out more blood per beat so he can go further and faster since his muscles can remain better oxygenation, produce less lactic acid and take longer to fatigue.

12. Hormones and BP
ADH-[anti diuretic hormone] tells the kidneys to reduce elimination of sodium and water from the blood, causing an increase in blood volume and blood pressure
 ANF (Atrio-Natriuretic Factor) –stimulates the kidneys to increase elimination of sodium and water from the blood, decreasing blood volume and blood pressure.