1. Circulatory System

2. 63. Circulatory System
Transports substances throughout the body

3. A. Substances transported
a. Oxygen from lungs
b. Nutrients absorbed by small intestines
c. Antibodies that fight disease
d. Hormones
e. Wastes – CO₂, nitrogenous wastes

4. Circulatory System Made up of three main parts: Blood Vessels Heart

5. 64. Blood Vessels
Tubes that circulate blood through the body

6. A. Closed System
Blood is contained in heart or blood vessels at all times

7. B. Length
If stacked end to end, could stretch 60,000 miles

8. 3 types of blood vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

9. D. Arteries
Large, muscular vessels, carry blood away from the heart

10. a. 3 Layers
Inner endothelium

11. 3 Layers
Middle layer of smooth muscle

12. Vasoconstriction
Muscles contract, vessel diameter decreases

13. Vasodialation
Muscles relax, vessel diameter increases

14. 3 Layers
Outer connective tissue

15. Main Arteries

16. Largest artery
b. Aorta

17. Atherosclerosis
c. Disease where plaque builds up along the walls of arteries

18. Arterioles
d. Smallest branches of the arteries, connect to capillaries

19. E. Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels, only simple epithelial layer for exchange to occur
Many are so small that blood flows through in a single line

20. Capillaries

21. Capillary Bed
a. Interweaving networks of capillaries

22. Venules
b. Small tubes where capillaries unite to connect to the veins

23. F. Veins
Large vessels that carry blood to the heart

25. a. 3 layers – thinner, less muscle

26. Largest Vein
b. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

27. Valves
c. One way, prevent backflow

28. Varicose Veins
d. Incompetent valves allow the blood to flow back

29. Varicose Veins

30. Pathway
HAacvVH

31. The Heart

32. 65. Heart Muscular organ that pumps blood through the body
About the size of a fist
Slightly tilted to the left

33. A. Chambers - 4

34. a. Upper – left and right Atria
Right-receives de-oxygenated blood from body
Left- receives oxygenated blood from lungs

35. b. Lower – left and right Ventricle
Right - pumps blood into lungs
Left - pumps blood to the body

36. B. Valves - 4

37. a. Diastole – Heart relaxes, pulls blood in

38. Tricuspid valve
regulates blood flow between Right Atrium (RA) and Right Ventricle (RV)

39. Mitral Valve
lets O₂ rich blood from your lungs pass from LA to LV

40. b. Systole – Heart contracts, pushes blood out

41. Pulmonary valve
Controls blood flow from RV to pulmonary arteries to lungs for O₂

42. Aortic valve
Opens way for O₂ rich blood to pass from LV into aorta

44. C. Double Pump
pumps oxygenated & deoxygenated blood

45. a. Pulmonary circuit – sends O₂ poor blood to lungs
b. Systemic circuit – sends O₂ rich blood to body

46. Path of Blood Through the Heart

47. Path of Blood Through the Heart
a. Superior and inferior vena cava

48. Path of Blood Through the Heart
b. Right atrium

49. Path of Blood Through the Heart
c. Tricuspid Valve

50. Path of Blood Through the Heart
d. Right ventricle

51. Path of Blood Through the Heart
e. Pulmonary Valve

52. Path of Blood Through the Heart
f. Pulmonary arteries

53. Path of Blood Through the Heart
g. Lungs

54. Path of Blood Through the Heart
h. Pulmonary veins

55. Path of Blood Through the Heart
i. Left atrium

56. Path of Blood Through the Heart
j. Mitral Valve

57. Path of Blood Through the Heart
k. Left ventricle

58. Path of Blood Through the Heart
l. Aortic Valve

59. Path of Blood Through the Heart
m. Aorta

60. E. Septum Wall that separates the ventricles
Keeps oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood from mixing

61. “Blue Baby”
a. Hole in septum allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix

62. F. Heart Rate Number of times the heart beats per minute
Males – 70 bpm
Females – 75 bpm
newborn years- 100
3 months years- 85
1 year adult

63. “Lub-dup” Lub – valves between atria and ventricles closing
Dup – valves between ventricles and blood vessels closing

64. Thin walls that vibrate
Heart Murmur
Abnormal heart sounds
Can be from:
Thin walls that vibrate
Increased blood flow
Valve problems