1. The Cardiovascular System
LET’S GET TO THE 
Of the Matter 
BASIC Overview

2. The Cardiovascular System
1) Pumping action of the heart allows the blood to:
Brings oxygen and nutrients to body’s cells
&
Takes away carbon dioxide and waste products

3. The Cardiovascular System
Maintain homeostasis through the:
Transportation of nutrients and wastes

4. Anatomy of The Heart SIZE: 1 to 2 fists
LOCATION: in the thorax, between the lungs, apex points to the left

5. The Heart 4 chambers: 2 ventricles = lower chambers
Discharge/pump blood
Larger, w/thicker walls
2 atria (singular is atrium)
= upper chambers
Receive blood

6. The Heart 2 separate pumps: Pulmonary circulation Systemic circulation
Brings blood to lungs for gas exchange
Systemic circulation
Pumps blood and nutrients
to the body
Cardiac circulation
Nourishes the heart
muscle itself (myocardium)

7. Blood Vessels 3 types Arteries: carry blood away from heart
Veins: carry blood back toward the heart
VARICOSE veins:
vessels with faulty valves
Capillaries: exchange nutrients & wastes with cells (through diffusion)
smallest blood vessels w/very thin walls

8. AORTA Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards ONE WAY TRAFFIC!
Large blood vessel the is the first to carry blood away on its round trip through the body and back to the heart!
Valves prevent blood
from flowing backwards
ONE WAY TRAFFIC!

9. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
Cells in the blood that transport OXYGEN throughout the body
Contain HEMOGLOBIN, an iron containing protein that binds to oxygen and carbon dioxide

10. The Heart Blood: Blue if deoxygenated Red if oxygenated
Blue blood goes to lungs to get O2
Red blood goes to body to deliver O2

11. Blood flow through the heart:
Animation

12. The Heart

13. Blood Vessels
Average adult body contains over 60,000 miles of blood vessels
That’s enough to circle the globe 2.5 times!

14. Blood Vessels Road map of the body Arteries/veins = highways
Capillaries = side streets

15. Blood Vessels Layers of tissue Connective tissue (outside)
Smooth muscle
Endothelium

16. What causes a heart attack?
Fat (plaque) builds up in arteries
If plaque ruptures, blood clot blocks blood flow through artery

18. What causes a heart attack?
Heart muscle begins to die from lack of oxygen/nutrients

19. Signs of a heart attack:
Chest discomfort or pain
Upper body discomfort (arms, back, neck, jaw)
Shortness of breath
Nausea, fainting, cold sweat
Call 911 within 5 minutes

20. Blood Vessels Blood pressure: force of blood on artery walls
Needed for blood to flow through body

21. Blood
The Bloodmobile

22. Blood
Functions:
Collects O2 from lungs, nutrients from intestines, waste from tissues
Regulates body conditions (ex: T° and pH)
Fights infections
Repairs damage (blood clots)

23. Blood
Plasma (55%)
Cells (45%)

24. Blood Plasma (55%) 90% water
10% dissolved substances (gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products, proteins)
Cells (45%)
Red – transport O2
White – fight off bacteria and parasites

25. Blood Red blood cells (RBCs) a.k.a. erythrocytes
Transport oxygen throughout body
Contain hemoglobin = iron-rich protein that binds to O2 and CO2
White blood cells (WBCs) a.k.a. leukocytes
Defend against bacteria, viruses, parasites, tumor cells