1. BLOOD & LYMPH CIRCULATION
BLOOD CONSTITUENTS
BLOOD TYPES & BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
3D ANIMATION OF WORKING OF HEART - YouTube

2. BLOOD CONSTIUENTS Fluid tissue. Red and viscous (thick/sticky)
Formed elements 45% (cells in fluid) red (iron, hemoglobin)
Plasma 55% (fluid) golden (90% water)
CENTRIFUGATION: process to separate elements from plasma
ANEMIA: (blood disease) results in a lack of oxygen in the blood.
1 – inadequate number of red blood cells
2 – inadequate amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells
3 – abnormally formed hemoglobin

3. BLOOD CONSTIUENTS LIQUID ELEMENT DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS PLASMA
Yellowish liquid composed 90% water, in which various substances are dissolved such as nutrients, antibodies, hormones and waste for cellular activity
Transports:
Nutrients to cells
Waste to excretory organs
Hormones, antibodies, proteins
FORMED ELEMENT
#/mL blood
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS
RED BLOOD CELLS
4-6 billion
Red-colored cells, in the form of biconcave disks, that have no nucleus and few organelles
Transports:
Oxygen
Protein (hemoglobin)
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
4-11 billion
Transparent cells
Provides immunity and defense against diseases
PLATELETS
million
Irregular fragments stemming from large cells in the bone marrow
Helps in blood clotting process

4. BLOOD TYPES AND BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS
BLOOD TYPES: A, B, AB, O
SUBSTANCE A or SUBSTANCE B
RHESUS FACTOR (Rh factor) + / -

5. BLOOD TYPES AND BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS
TYPE O 46%
* STATS courtesy of HEMA-QUEBEC 2010

6. BLOOD TYPES AND BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS
BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS: ENTAILS THE INJECTION OF BLOOD INTO A PERSON
BLOOD DONOR: A PERSON WHO GIVES BLOOD FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRANSFUSION
BLOOD RECIPIENT: A PERSON WHO RECEIVES BLOOD FROM A TRANSFUSION
BLOOD COMPATIBILITY: MEANS THAT ONE PERSON CAN RECEIVE THE BLOOD FROM ANOTHER PERSON

7. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
A SYSTEM THAT CARRIES SUBSTANCES THROUGHOUT THE HUMAN BODY. A TRANSPORTATION NETWORK USED BY THE BLOOD.
INCLUDES:
- BLOOD
- BLOOD VESSELS (ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES, VEINS)
- HEART
km worth of total blood vessels (Circumference of earth km)

8. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERIES: a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body
CAPILLARIES: a blood vessel with a small diameter and very thin walls in which exchanges between the blood and the cells of organs occur
VEINS: a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

9. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
THE HEART
THE ORGAN THAT STIMULATES THE MOVEMENT OF BLOOD. IT IS CONSIDERED THE “PUMP” OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
A MUSCLE THAT INCLUDES 4 CAVITIES:
- THE RIGHT ATRIUM
- THE RIGHT VENTRICLE (pulmonary circulation)
- THE LEFT ATRIUM
- THE LEFT VENTRICLE (systemic circulation)
FUNCTION OF HEART:
- BLOOD ENTERS AND FILLS THE ATRIA (heart is at rest, the muscle relaxed). DIASTOLE phase
- BLOOD EXITS, THE ATRIA CONTRACTS (heart works, muscles work). SYSTOLE phase

10. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
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READ PAGE 186 –
HOW THE HEART BENEFITS FROM PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Heart Anatomy - YouTube

11. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
BLOOD CIRCULATES THROUGH THE LUNGS (SHORTER ROUTE)
RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART IS THE PUMP
BLOOD TRAVELLING THROUGH IS RICH IN CO2
BLOOD exits the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery and flows to the capillaries of the lungs
BLOOD sheds its CO2 and picks up oxygen
BLOOD returns to the heart and enters the left atrium through the pulmonary vein
BLOOD CIRCULATES THROUGH THE ENTIRE BODY (LONGER ROUTE)
LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART IS THE PUMP
BLOOD TRAVELLING THROUGH IS RICH IN O2
BLOOD exits left ventricle through aorta (largest artery in body)
BLOOD divides into arteries that carry blood into capillaries of body’s organs
BLOOD sheds oxygen, nutrients, and other substances and picks up CO2 and other waste
BLOOD returns to heart and enters right atrium through vena cavas

12. THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
SYSTEM that allows exchanges between blood and cells to occur. These exchanges take place in the EXTRACELLULAR FLUID that surrounds our cells
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID (a.k.a. Interstitial) contains 1) water and other substances from blood plasma 2) white blood cells- they leave the capillaries through a process called DIAPEDESIS
LYMPH is the fluid derived from extracellular fluid as it circulates inside the lymphatic vessels to evacuate cell waste
ANTIGENS: a substance recognized as foreign by the body which triggers the body’s white blood cells to produce antibodies

13. THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
WHITE BLOOD CELLS: ingest invaders through PHAGOCYTOSIS (process to destroy “invaders”). They neutralize invaders by secreting substances called ANTIBODIES (prevents reproduction, attack on healthy cells, or development)
ANTIBODIES: are produced by White Blood Cells
- they are very specific. They only recognize antigens for which they were produced. Meaning that a different antibody needs to be produced for each new antigen.
- they are immunizing. The white blood cells remember, sometimes for a lifetime, how to produce a particular antibody. This is why we have certain diseases (like measles) only once in our lives.