1. Biology Revision
Mr Wardell
Lab 2233

2. Heart Disease
1) Blood gets pumped from the heart to the lungs and picks up oxygen
2) The blood is then taken back to the heart which needs its own blood supply…
3) The heart pumps the blood to the intestine (where oxygen and glucose are removed)…
5) After the oxygen and glucose have been removed for respiration the blood is sent back to the heart and starts again
4) … and to the rest of the body (where oxygen is removed)

3. The Circulatory system
The circulatory system is responsible for pumping ______ around the body. We need blood to be taken around the body because blood contains ________ and _______. These are needed so that all the ____ in our bodies can produce _____ through _________.
Blood is pumped at high pressure and measuring the pulse rate can tell us the heart rate.
Words – energy, blood, glucose, respiration, oxygen, cells

4. Arteries, veins and capillaries
Arteries carry high pressure blood away from the heart. They have smaller lumen and no valves.
Capillaries have thin walls (one cell thick) to allow glucose and oxygen to pass through. Also used to connect arteries to veins.
“Lumen”
Veins carry low pressure blood back to the heart. They have thinner, less elastic walls and have valves to prevent backflow of blood.

5. Measuring Blood Pressure
Blood pressure measurements are taken in terms of “Pressure when heart is contracting over pressure when heart is relaxed”.
Healthy blood pressures are defined as being within a range, due to the fact that every person is different.

6. Heart disease
Cholesterol

7. Words – alcohol, burst, smoking, heart, fat
High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure is a condition where the ______ and blood vessels experience extra strain. It can be caused by:
Excess weight or lack of exercise
High stress levels
_____
Excess _______
Diets that are high in saturated ___, sugar or salt
Long term high blood pressure can cause blood vessels to weaken or even ______ and can lead to heart disease.
Words – alcohol, burst, smoking, heart, fat

8. Heart Disease and Lifestyle
Who is the most likely to die of heart disease in the next 20 years?

9. Words – smoking, exercise, genetic, saturated
Heart Disease Risks
Clearly, the risk of heart disease depends on a number of factors:
Lack of _________
Eating foods high in _________ fats
______ factors, e.g. if your parents had it
Whether or not you _______
Factors that affect the risk of heart disease can be identified via large-scale genetic studies.
Words – smoking, exercise, genetic, saturated

13. Producing antibodies You’re going down
20/09/2018
You’re going down
Step 1: The white blood cell “sees” the pathogen (microbe)
Step 2: The cell produces antibodies to “fit” the pathogen
Step 3: The antibodies fit onto the pathogens and cause them to “clump”
Step 4: The pathogens are “eaten” by the white blood cells

14. Specific antibodies Microbe Antigen
20/09/2018
Microbe
Antigen
Antibodies are specific – they will neutralise the microbe they have been made for. They do this by recognising the antigen on the surface of the microbe.
Once the body has made the antibody “memory cells” can make it again very quickly if needed, which protects you from catching the disease again.

15. Words – antibodies, vaccinated, side effects, epidemic, dead, microbe
Vaccinations
20/09/2018
Vaccinations work by injecting a _____ or weakened form of a ________ into the body. The body is then “tricked” into producing _______. The memory cells then remember the antigen so that, if the person catches the real disease, they are ready for it.
In order to prevent an ______, sometimes large numbers of the population can be ______. A possible problem with this is that people can feel ____ ______.
Words – antibodies, vaccinated, side effects, epidemic, dead, microbe