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Published byCarmella Ray Modified over 6 years ago
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Respiratory System Works with CV system to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body Internal Respiration: AKA cellular respiration; Carbon dioxide leaves body cells and enters blood while oxygen from blood passes into cells External Respiration: exchange of air between the lungs and atmosphere; exchange of oxygen in the lungs with carbon dioxide in the pulmonary capillaries
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Respiratory System Upper tract Lower tract Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx
Epiglottis Lower tract Trachea Bronchi (Bronchus) Bronchioles Alveoli Lungs
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Respiratory System Accessory Parts Pulmonary capillaries Mediastinum
Pleura Diaphragm Intercostal muscles
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Respiratory System Nasal cavity: air enters the respiratory tract
Pharynx: “throat;” muscular tube that serves as a passageway for air Larynx: “voice box;” found in a part of pharynx; responsible for sound production; links pharynx and trachea Epiglottis: on top of larynx to seal off air passage to lungs during swallowing Trachea: “windpipe;” traps unwanted particles and moves them into pharynx; made of cartilage Bronchi: made of cartilage; trachea branches to form two bronchi
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Respiratory System Bronchioles: further branching of bronchi
Alveoli: tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles; oxygen diffuses into blood Pulmonary capillaries: adjacent to alveoli; carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood and into alveoli Mediastinum: space between right and left lungs containing the heart, aorta, esophagus and bronchi Pleura: membrane that envelops the lungs Diaphragm: produces pressure differential for ventilation Intercostal muscles: elevates and lowers the rib cage
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Common Disorders Pleural Effusion: excess of fluid in the pleural cavity (space between the pleura of the lungs); seen with heart failure, liver disease (ascites), infections in the lungs and trauma Pneumonia: inflammatory disease of the lung caused most often by bacteria, a virus or aspiration; s/s cough, chest pain, SOB; can rapidly change from mild (walking) to severe Tuberculosis: bacterial infection that spreads between people through the air and in the body through the blood and lymph; develops slowly and causes encased lesions; it may lie dormant in the body but in an active state can cause death
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Common Disorders Influenza: acute, viral infection; Types A and B associated with epidemics; s/s cough, fever, chills, headache and muscle pain Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): chronic partial obstruction of the airways Asthma: chronic inflammation of the airways often characterized by acute “attacks” that may be triggered by outside irritants; Chronic bronchitis: inflammation of bronchi caused by a smoking or pollution that results in swelling of mucosa and a heavy cough; acute bronchitis is usually caused by a virus or bacteria Emphysema: chronic condition in which the alveoli lose elasticity disrupting air exchange in the lungs; often associated with long time heavy smoking
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