1. Anatomy and Physiology
9/20/2018
Anatomy and Physiology

2. Outline Terminology The Respiratory System The Circulatory System
The Nervous System
The Musculoskeletal System
The Integumentary System

3. Why A and P?
One of the responsibilities of an EMS provider is patient assessment
Finding signs of illness and injury requires knowing the normal structure and function of the body

4. Terminology

5. Terminology

6. Respiratory System
The function of the respiratory system is of utmost importance in patient assessment and patient care

7. The respiratory system works to constantly supply the cells of the body with oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide from the body
The respiratory system works to constantly supply the cells of the body with oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide from the body.

8. Respiratory System

9. Upper Respiratory

10. Lower Respiratory

11. Aveoli
Alveoli
Bronchiole

12. Diaphragm An important muscle in breathing
Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen
Under involuntary control
Can temporarily override its function voluntarily

13. Diaphragm Function

14. Infant and Child Airway
Structures are smaller and easily obstructed
Tongue is larger and may block airway
Trachea is softer and may be obstructed by bending the neck too far backward

15. Comparison of the diameter of the child’s trachea versus the adult’s.
9/20/2018
Comparison of the diameter of the child’s trachea versus the adult’s.
Adult (20 mm)
Infant (4 mm)

16. Airway / Respiratory Problems in Children
Primary cause of cardiac arrest in children is an uncorrected airway or respiratory problem
Airway deserves utmost attention in patient assessment and treatment

17. Circulatory System Pump Pipes Fluid Heart Arteries Capillaries Veins
Blood

18. Internal View of Heart
Ventricles
Atria

19. Atrium Right Atrium Left Atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from body through vena cavae
Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein

20. Ventricles Right Ventricle Left Ventricle
Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
Left Ventricle
Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium
Pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta

21. Arteries Carry blood away from the heart High pressure
Pulse wave generated with every heartbeat
Pulse: Pulse wave in artery close to skin

22. Major Arteries

23. Aorta Body’s main artery Leaves left ventricle
Branches into smaller arteries
Carotid
Femoral
Radial
Brachial

24. Pulse Points Carotid artery Brachial artery Radial artery
Femoral artery

25. Capillaries Smallest arteries lead to microscopic capillaries
Surround cells of the body
Very thin walls
O2 and CO2 move through them to be exchanged between the body and the atmosphere

26. Veins Capillaries lead to smallest veins
Smaller veins empty into larger ones
Vena cavae (largest veins) empty into the right atrium
Pulmonary veins empty into the left atrium

27. Major Veins External jugular Inferior vena cava Femoral vein
Great saphenous

28. Blood Plasma (carries blood cells) Red blood cells (Carry O2)
White blood cells (fight infection)
Platelets (blood clotting)

29. Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Motor nerves
Sensory nerves

31. Musculoskeletal System
Gives body shape
Gives body support
Protects internal organs
Provides for movement

33. Skull

34. Injury to spinal cord may cause:
Weakness
Numbness
Tingling
Paralysis from site of injury down
Injury to the spinal cord in the neck may paralyze the muscles used for breathing

35. Bones of the Thorax Protects heart and lungs
Injuries to thorax may be life threatening

36. Pelvis Hip bones are large and heavy
May be associated with internal injuries and massive internal bleeding when fractured (broken)

37. Extremities

38. Joints
Point of contact between bones such as at the elbow, hip, or knee
Allow for movement of the body

39. Muscle Types Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Voluntary Involuntary
Found in organs such as intestines
Cardiac
Only found in heart

40. Major Muscles

41. Skin
Largest organ in the body

42. Skin Protects the body from the environment
Helps regulate body temperature
Has many nerve endings to provide the brain with information about the environment

43. Other Body Systems Gastrointestinal (Digestive) Genitourinary
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Other Body Systems
Gastrointestinal (Digestive)
Genitourinary
Urinary and Reproductive Systems
Endocrine
Lymphatic

44. Summary
This is a limited overview of the anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) of the human body
The human body is very complex and interesting
Further study of anatomy and physiology is recommended

45. Questions?