1. 5 Classical Greece, 2000 B.C. –300 B.C.
QUIT 5
CHAPTER
Classical Greece, 2000 B.C. –300 B.C.
Chapter Overview
Time Line
SECTION 1
Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea
MAP
SECTION 2
Warring City-States
SECTION 3
Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age
SECTION 4
Alexander—Empire Builder
GRAPH
SECTION 5
The Spread of Hellenistic Culture
Visual Summary

2. 5 Classical Greece, 2000 B.C. –300 B.C.
HOME 5
CHAPTER
Classical Greece, 2000 B.C. –300 B.C.
Chapter Overview
The early Mediterranean cultures set standards in the arts, law, government, and sciences that are spread by Alexander the Great and eventually have a profound influence on the thought and institutions of Western nations.

3. 5 Classical Greece, 2000 B.C. –300 B.C. HOME Time Line 2000 B.C.
CHAPTER
Classical Greece, 2000 B.C. –300 B.C.
Time Line
2000 B.C. Minoan civilization prospers on Crete.
About 1200 B.C. Trojan War takes place.
479 B.C. Greece triumphs in Persian Wars.
2000 B.C.
300 B.C.
1500 B.C. Mycenaean culture thrives on Greek mainland.
750 B.C. Greek city-states flourish.
334 B.C. Alexander starts to build his Empire.

4. Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea Key Idea 1
HOME 1
Cultures of the
Mountains and the Sea
Key Idea
The island cultures of Minoa and Crete develop in the Mediterranean, while Greek-speaking peoples, separated by mountainous terrain, establish individual city-states.
Overview
Assessment

5. Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea Overview 1 • Mycenaeans
HOME 1
Cultures of the
Mountains and the Sea
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Mycenaeans
• Trojan War
• Dorians
• Homer
• epics
• myths
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Physical geography caused separate groups of Greek-speaking peoples to develop isolated societies.
The seeds of much of Western cultural heritage were planted during this time period.
Assessment

6. Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea 1 1
HOME 1
Cultures of the
Mountains and the Sea
Section 1
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List examples of how geography affected early Greek civilization.
Geographic Feature
Effects
Sea
United parts of Greece; sea trade was important as Greece had few natural resources.
Land
Mountains made transportation, communication among cities difficult; small, independent communities developed; poor resources spurred growth of colonies; poor food production limited population growth.
Climate
Moderate climate allowed for an outdoor lifestyle, open-air discussions.
continued . . .

7. Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea 1 1
HOME 1
Cultures of the
Mountains and the Sea
Section 1
Assessment
2. Why did the lack of writing represent a setback to the development of Greek civilization? THINK ABOUT
• Minoan and Mycenaean accomplishments
• uses of writing
• other forms of communication
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• No means to record information
• Communication limited to oral means—trade suffered
• Limited ability to transmit knowledge and culture to succeeding generations
continued . . .

8. Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea 1 1
HOME 1
Cultures of the
Mountains and the Sea
Section 1
Assessment
3. Why do you think that early Greek epics and myths are so well known and studied in today’s society?
THINK ABOUT
• arete
• Greek ideals compared to ideals in today’s world
• early Greeks’ purpose of storytelling
ANSWER
Possible Response:
America idealizes virtue and the individual, or the hero, just as Greece did; people are still intrigued by the mysteries of nature.
End of Section 1

9. Warring City-States Key Idea 2
HOME 2
Warring City-States
MAP
Key Idea
Rival city-states develop distinct political systems. Athens takes its first steps toward democracy, and Sparta develops into a military state.
Overview
Assessment

10. Warring City-States Overview 2 • polis • acropolis • monarchy
HOME 2
Warring City-States
MAP
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• polis
• acropolis
• monarchy
• aristocracy
• oligarchy
• phalanx
• tyrant
• helot
• democracy
• Persian Wars
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Many political systems in today’s world mirror the varied forms of government that evolved in Greece.
The growth of city-states in Greece led to the development of several political systems, including democracy.
Assessment

11. HOME 2
Warring City-States
MAP
Section 2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the major battles of the Persian Wars in Greece. For each battle, include the victor.
First Battle
Second Battle
Third Battle
Fourth Battle
Battle at Marathon
Athenians
Salamis
Athenians
Confrontation at Thermopylae
Persians
Plataea Plain
Spartans
continued . . .

12. HOME 2
Warring City-States
MAP
Section 2
Assessment
2. How was living in Athens different from living in Sparta? THINK ABOUT
• roles of citizens
• type/form of government
• societal values
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• Athens had built a democracy, Sparta was ruled by kings and was a military state
For men, daily life in Athens was centered around the polis; in Sparta, daily life for men was centered around military training
• Athenians valued beauty, individuality, and freedom of thought; Spartans valued duty, strength, and discipline.
End of Section 2

13. Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age Key Idea 3
HOME 3
Democracy and
Greece’s Golden Age
Key Idea
Athens reaches a golden age in the arts, science, economics, and military power. War with Sparta and a plague bring an end to Athenian achievement.
Overview
Assessment

14. Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age Overview 3 • direct democracy
HOME 3
Democracy and
Greece’s Golden Age
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• direct democracy
• classical art
• tragedy
• comedy
• Peloponnesian War
• philosophers
• Socrates
• Plato
• Aristotle
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Democratic principles and classical culture flourished during Greece’s golden age.
At its height, Greece set lasting standards in art, politics, literature, and philosophy that are still adhered to today.
Assessment

15. Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age 3 3
HOME 3
Democracy and
Greece’s Golden Age
Section 3
Assessment
1. List Pericles’ three goals for Athens. Give at least one example for each.
Pericles’ Goals
Strengthen Athens’ democracy:
Increased number of paid officials, increased citizen participation
Glorify Athens: Hired artists, built architectural projects and the Parthenon
Hold and strengthen empire:
Built navy through Delian League’s funds, protected overseas trade
continued . . .

16. Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age 3 3
HOME 3
Democracy and
Greece’s Golden Age
Section 3
Assessment
2. Socrates believed in absolute standards for truth and justice. Sophists believed that standards of truth and justice are in the eye of the beholder. What is your opinion? THINK ABOUT
• differences in values
• purpose of law
• circumstances
ANSWER
• Agree with the Sophists: Many cultural differences exist in the world; only one set of rules for justice and truth would not work because people would rebel.
• Agree with Socrates: Standards exist for what is right and wrong; governing people in this way is more feasible because everyone knows what is expected.
Possible Responses:
continued . . .

17. Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age 3 3
HOME 3
Democracy and
Greece’s Golden Age
Section 3
Assessment
3. How does the concept of “hubris” from Greek tragedy apply to the Peloponnesian War? THINK ABOUT
• Spartans’ and Athenians’ opinion of themselves
• why “hubris” is a tragic flaw
• why the war started
ANSWER
“Hubris” means the excessive pride that often leads to the downfall of a hero. Athens under Pericles was excessively proud of its sea power and seriously underestimated Sparta.
Possible Response:
End of Section 3

18. Alexander— Empire Builder Key Idea 4
HOME 4
Alexander—
Empire Builder
Key Idea
Alexander conquers Greece, Persia, and Egypt and extends his empire to the Indus River. He spreads Greek culture throughout the empire.
Overview
Assessment

19. Alexander— Empire Builder Overview 4 • Philip II • Macedonia
HOME 4
Alexander—
Empire Builder
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Philip II
• Macedonia
• Demosthenes
• Alexander the Great
• Darius III
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Alexander the Great conquered Persia and Egypt and extended his empire to the Indus River in northwest India.
Alexander’s empire extended across three continents that today consist of many nations and diverse cultures.
Assessment

20. Alexander— Empire Builder Alexander’s Rule 4 4
HOME 4
Alexander—
Empire Builder
Section 4
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Describe how far north, south, east, and west Alexander ruled.
Alexander’s Rule
North
West
South
East
Macedonia
Greece
India
Egypt
continued . . .

21. Alexander— Empire Builder 4 4
HOME 4
Alexander—
Empire Builder
Section 4
Assessment
2. If Alexander had lived, do you think he would have been as successful in ruling his empire as he was in building it? THINK ABOUT
• skills needed for military leadership
• skills needed to govern an empire
• Alexander’s demonstrated abilities
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• Yes. His ability to govern points to his intelligence and ability to lead.
• No. He had an inflexible attitude, and military skills are not the same as political skills.
End of Section 4

22. The Spread of Hellenistic Culture Key Idea 5
HOME 5
The Spread of
Hellenistic Culture
GRAPH
Key Idea
Hellenistic culture, a blend of Greek and other cultures, flourishes throughout Greece, Egypt, and Asia. Its achievements have a lasting influence on Western Europe.
Overview
Assessment

23. The Spread of Hellenistic Culture Overview 5 • Hellenistic
HOME 5
The Spread of
Hellenistic Culture
GRAPH
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Hellenistic
• Alexandria
• Euclid
• Archimedes
• Colossus of Rhodes
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Hellenistic culture, a blend of Greek and other influences, flourished throughout Greece, Egypt, and Asia.
Western civilization today continues to be influenced by diverse cultures.
Assessment

24. The Spread of Hellenistic Culture 5 5
HOME 5
The Spread of
Hellenistic Culture
GRAPH
Section 5
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List Hellenistic achievements in each of the four categories shown below.
Category
Achievements
astronomy
Disproved the belief that the sun was smaller than Greece, advanced the theory that earth revolves around sun
geometry
Euclid’s The Elements, calculation of pi
philosophy
Stoicism, Epicureanism
art
Realism in sculpture, Colossus of Rhodes
continued . . .

25. The Spread of Hellenistic Culture 5 5
HOME 5
The Spread of
Hellenistic Culture
GRAPH
Section 5
Assessment
2. Describe how the growth of Alexander’s empire spread Greek culture. THINK ABOUT
• public vs. private art
• realistic vs. ideal representations
• the decline of the polis
ANSWER
Possible Response:
Greek culture and language traveled with Alexander’s armies. Many Greek and Macedonian merchants, artisans, and officials settled in the lands that he conquered and the colonies that he established.
continued . . .

26. The Spread of Hellenistic Culture 5 5
HOME 5
The Spread of
Hellenistic Culture
GRAPH
Section 5
Assessment
3. The Hellenistic culture brought together Egyptian, Greek, Persian, and Indian influences. How is American culture a combination of different influences? Give examples of those influences. THINK ABOUT
• American immigration
• geographic regions/influences
• your own cultural background
ANSWER
Possible Response:
The United States has attracted peoples from many cultures. Their various religions, foods, languages, customs, and traditions have blended into or added to U.S. culture.
End of Section 5