1. Ancient
Greece

2. Our study of Ancient Greece is
divided into 3 periods:
Minoan and Mycenaean
Classical Greece
Macedonian Empire
(Alexander the Great)

3. The Geography played an important
Role in its history

4. Greece is surrounded by water:
Ionian Sea to the west
Aegean to the east
Mediterranean to the south

5. Aegean
Sea
Ionian
Sea
Mediterranean Sea

6. Also surrounded by many important
civilizations:
South
Africa and Egypt
East
Turkey, Asia Minor
& Middle Eastern countries
West
Europe and Italy

7. Europe
&
Italy
Persian Empire
Asia Minor
Middle East
Greece
Africa
Egypt

8. its location enabled Greece
to establish itself as
a major power of the ancient world

9. Greece is made up of the mainland &
Peloponnesus Peninsula,
and about 1400 islands
scattered throughout the Aegean Sea

10. Peloponnesus
Peninsula
Crete

11. The islands
& rough Mountainous terrain
Caused the communities to be isolated
Contact & Communication was difficult

13. Crete the 1st Greek civilization was established
on the biggest island:
Crete

14. the Minoan civilization
By about 2700BCE,
the people of Crete had established
the Minoan civilization

15. Myth of the Minotaur
Pasiphae
King Minos
Minotaur
King Aegeus
Theseus
Ariadn
(p. 104 Other
Places, Other
Times)

16. Arthur evans
excavated at Knossos on crete

17. found:
-palace with winding corridors
might be minotaur’s labrynth

18. clay tablets with writing
Linear a, b and c
Only linear b has been deciphered

19. The Minoans were
PeaCeful people
Artistic - danced
bull leaping
painters
(Frescoes- pAINTING ON WET PLASTER)
GREAT POTTERS
POWERFUL NAVY
UNFORTIFIED CITIES

20. Meanwhile…
the rest
of Greece
is divided
into many
kingdoms

21. the most
powerful
was
Mycenae

22. the people were
the mycenaeans

23. warring people
strong armies
fortified cities
known for bronze work

24. King Agamemnon

25. Heinrich Schliemann
excavated in
turkey (troy)
realized
Mycenae was
the other city
in the trojan war

26. READ PAGE 107 OF OTHER PLACES OTHER TIMES
SUMMARTIzE THE STORY AND WRITE A BRIEF
DESCRIPTION OF THE ROLES OF THE FOLLOWING
PEOPLE:
PRIAM
PARIS
HELEN
MENELAUS
AGAMEMNON

27. fall of minoan civilization
3 theories
1st - volcano erupted on santorini
huge tidal wave &poisonous ash
cover crete
2nd - towns destroyed in wars
with Mycenaeans
3rd - trade weakened & Minoans
adopted the way of life of other
peoples

28. 1200 bce Mycenae fell
2 theories
1st - bad harvests & fighting caused
them to move
2nd - dorians invaded from the north
and all cities in Greece
but athens fell

29. dorians were uncultured
had no written language
did not trade
Greek dark ages 1200bce – 800bce

30. Classical
Greece
bce

31. Around 800BCE the Greeks built cities
and ports to expand trade
A new written language
developed
Based on the ionic
dialect and
the phoenician
alphabet

32. independent city-states or polis
the Geography caused communities
to be Isolated.
Ancient Greece was made up of many
independent city-states or polis
each polis had own
laws
forms of government
customs.

33. city-states were very competitive
with each other.
They set up colonies all around
Greece.

34. environment around the polis
provided protection from invaders
Surrounded by walls
agora – a large open space for
markets and meetings in centre of
polis

35. Every polis had a god or goddess
Who protected the city and people
Temples were built
Many ceremonies and offerings given

36. Evolution of democracy
Government
Evolution of democracy

37. monarchy or ‘rule by one’
Before the Dark Ages
city-states were ruled by a king
usually the head of the richest family
in the area.
monarchy or ‘rule by one’

38. OLIGARCHY - ‘RULE BY A FEW’
BY THE END OF THE DARK AGES
POLIS’ WERE RULED BY
A KING ALONG WITH A GROUP OF NOBLES
OLIGARCHY - ‘RULE BY A FEW’

39. Sometimes a person would overthrow
the government and take control.
This person was called a
Tyrant
‘ruler who governs in a harsh way’.
THE GOVERNMENT WAS A TYRANNY

40. TYRANTS often liked
gave the people a say in how they were
governed.
Some were cruel, greedy and harsh.
These tyrants often replaced by
other tyrants.

41. big step toward democracy
TYRANNIES taught the GREEKS
they could make changes in government by
uniting behind a chosen leader.

42. **Democracy comes from
2 Greek words
‘demos’-people
and
‘kratos’ – rule.
Democracy means ‘rule by the people’.

43. From about 500BCE onward,
Athens has been a democracy.
Only men,
18 years or older,
who were born in Athens could vote.

44. The Greek Colonies
vs.
the Persians
The Persian Wars
BCE

45. Some populations grew larger than the
land could support
So they set up Greek colonies all around
The Mediterranean, the Aegean
and Asia Minor
The colonies in Asia Minor came under
The control of King Cyrus of Persia

46. One of the colonies - Miletus - rebelled
against Cyrus

48. Athens and Sparta came to help Miletus
defeat Persia but they lost

49. As a punishment, King Cyrus burned
down Miletus
and
tried to invade Athens.

50. Athens won At the battle of Marathon
Followed by about 50 years of peace

51. They realized they needed to unite
the Greek city-states
For protection from Future
Persian invasion.

52. Delian League A group of polis’ formed a league With
Athens in charge called The
Delian League
included the polis’ around
Athens and Attica

53. Each polis had to pay taxes to Athens for
Protection
trading rights.

54. Peloponnesian League Sparta did not join the Delian League,
but set up a league of their own…the
Peloponnesian League
Included polis’ from the
Peloponnesus Peninsula

55. Athens
&
Sparta

56. Athens
By 400 BCE, Athens was a leading city-state
busy cosmopolitan city
democratic government
(freemen could vote)
centre for new ideas and trade
from all over the known world.

57. People met in the agora to have debates
& discuss
politics,
philosophy
Business
NEW IDEAS & INVENTIONS

58. Life in athens
Athenians Respected education:
Reading writing music
history Philosophy math
Science art & drama

59. Boys were educated from
6 to about 14 years old

60. Famous teachers were
Socrates
Plato
aristotle

61. Girls worked around the house
potters, weavers, cooks, cleaners
Went to market
Usually married at 15

62. Slaves made up as much as 40%
of Athen’s population

64. “Golden Age of Athens” “Periclean Age” 461 - 429 BCE AKA
Pericles - leading Athenian statesman
Fixed up and beautified the city
Built a protective wall around entire
polis reaching to the sea
Spread governmental power more
evenly among classes

65. Built walls from Athens to
the port of Piraeus
6km long
500m across

66. Sparta Southern part of Peloponnesus Peninsula Land locked
Military state

67. .

68. By about 600BCE there were
25,000 Spartans and
250,000 slaves.

69. Didn’t have enough good land to grow
enough food so
conquered other lands and
created slave labour.
Relied on a huge # of slaves
called helots to provide food

70. Helot Rebellion

71. lasted 20 years
until the Spartans
formed a strong army to
control the slaves

72. After rebellion
Sparta was Ruled by two kings:
one in charge of the military
one in charge of religion

73. Focus of Society was on the Army
lived a very Spartan life - no luxuries
Women were encouraged to have more
than one husband
men lived with other men in the army,
not with their wives

74. Every baby is checked over by the
government
for health and strength
sick or weak babies set out to die

75. Food was basic & in small portions
Stealing was encouraged
Getting caught was a sign of weakness

76. Peloponnesian
Wars
bce

77. In 431BCE, civil war broke out
between Athens and Sparta
other city states joined in
armies were well matched
but Athens’ navy was superior

78. Sparta made a deal with Persia
Sparta gave up
its colonies in
Asia Minor
in return
for gold

79. Then they strengthened their navy
& defeated Athens
by cutting off their food supply
Athens surrendered

80. the Peloponnesian Wars
lasted 27 years
left all of the city-states poor & weak

81. continued to fight each other
after the war

82. Persian Wars Miletus rebels against persia
From p. 120, “Other Places Other Times”
Persian Wars
Miletus rebels against persia
Athens defeats Persian forces trying
To capture the city
Greek city-states form an alliance
To defeat the persians
Combined forces of Greeks defeat Persia
Delian League is formed
Peloponnesian league is formed
Peloponnesian Wars
War between athens and sparta begins
Sparta sells control of city-states in
Asia Minor to Persia
Sparta strengthens navy
Sparta defeats athens

83. Macedonia Macedonia were too involved with each other to notice
what was happening
to the north in
were too involved with each other
to notice
what was happening
to the north in
Macedonia
Macedonia