1. Kingdoms Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

2. What do you already know?
What are the characteristics of life?
Review the following terms:
Prokaryote
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration

3. What are bacteria?
Microscopic, Unicellular, Prokaryotic organisms containing DNA and ribosomes.
May be autotrophs or heterotrophs
Bacteria are LIVING!!!! They have ALL the characteristics of living organisms.
Found everywhere on earth!
Remember these?!!

4. Basic Structure of Bacteria
Protein synthesis
carbohydrates that makes up cell wall
Movement
Attachment & transfer of DNA

5. Basic Structure of Bacteria
Bacterial cell wall is made up of the carbohydrate peptidoglycan
Pilli are used for attachment and for exchange of DNA during sexual reproduction
Flagella are used for movement
Not all bacteria have flagella.

6. Bacteria Structure Bacteria are categorized by three distinct shapes:
spiral
(spirilla)/spirillum
Ex: Spirillum volutans
spherical
(cocci)/coccus
Ex: Micrococcus luteus
rod-shaped
(bacilli)/bacillus
Ex: Bacillus cereus
video: bacteria shapes

7. Name These Bacteria Shapes

8. Bacteria Kingdoms
Archaebacteria: “ancient” bacteria; live in harsh environments
Eubacteria: “true bacteria” found nearly everywhere else
video: bacteria habitats

9. Archaebacteria Live in extreme, harsh environments. Examples:
EXTREMOPHILES!!
Live in extreme, harsh environments.
Examples:
High Temperatures
High/Low pH
High Salt Concentration
THERMOPHILE
ACIDOPHILE
HALOPHILE
Grand Prismatic in Yellowstone’s largest hot springs basin
Great Salt Lake once thought to be lifeless is teeming with salt-tolerant bacteria
Lemonade Spring in Yellowstone highly acidic

10. Eubacteria “true bacteria”
Very diverse group of bacteria that live everywhere!

11. Bacteria Metabolism May be heterotrophs: May be autotrophs:
Aerobic Respiration: WITH OXYGEN
Anaerobic Respiration: withOUT Oxygen
May be autotrophs:
Photosynthetic
ex: cyanobacteria found in
lakes & ponds use blue chorophyll for photosynthesis

12. Questions??

13. CONCEPT REVIEW: True or False
Members of Archaea live in extreme environments.
TRUE

14. CONCEPT REVIEW: True or False
Members of Kingdom Eubacteria are lovers of extremes.
FALSE

15. Which micrograph shows bacillus bacteria?
CONCEPT REVIEW:
Which micrograph shows bacillus bacteria? A B C

16. Bacteria Function & Reproduction

17. Not All Bacteria Are Bad!!!

18. Bacteria Function Bacteria have a variety of important uses:
Decompose organic matter (recycle nutrients from dead organisms)
Human health (bacteria on skin help prevent infection & bacteria in gut helps digest food & make vitamins)

19. Bacteria Function
Help make food (buttermilk, yogurt, cheese, pickles, and olives)
Nitrogen fixation (chemically changes nitrogen gas, N2, into ammonia, NH3, so plants can make amino acids)
BioTechnology (used to make antibiotics, insulin)

20. Bacteria Reproduction
Binary Fission: asexual; cell splits into 2 identical cells.
Conjugation: cells exchange genetic info through pilus.

21. Bacteria Form Endospores
If conditions are unfavorable, forming an endospore allows bacteria to remain dormant until conditions are favorable again.

22. Some Bacteria Bad!!!
Some bacteria cause diseases like Strep throat, pneumonia & food poisoning
Controlling the growth of bacteria
Antibiotics
Vaccines