1. Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration
Food and drink provide a source of energy for your cells that is used to make ATP
calorie – ________________________
_________________________________
Kilocalorie (on labels) – ____________
Food provides building blocks for your cellular products (proteins, hormones, etc.)

2. Overview of C. R.
Cellular respiration can be ____________ (with oxygen) or ____________________ (without oxygen)
Aerobic respiration has 3 steps:
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Electron
Transport Chain

3. Equation for C. R. ____________________________________
Oxygen and Glucose react or form carbon dioxide, water and ATP
Other sugars, starch, fats and proteins can also be used as energy sources.
______________ is the simplest energy form

4. Glycolysis (splitting glucose)
Occurs in the _______________
One glucose molecule split into two molecules of __________________
Uses ________ but makes ________.
ATP net gain = _____
Makes ____________
Does NOT require oxygen

6. The Krebs Cycle In the matrix of _____________________
_________________enters the cycle, where a series of enzyme-controlled reactions create NADH and FADH2 (energy carriers)
___________________ is a waste product

8. The Electron Transport Chain
H+ ions made in Krebs cycle build up outside the inner mitochondrial membrane
The H+ ions are forced through ATP synthase making 3 ATPs for each turn

10. E.T.C. Oxygen is used as the final electron acceptor
H+ and oxygen combine to form water (a waste product)
Without oxygen the process backs up and ATP can’t be made

11. Summary of Cellular Respiration
Glucose is split into _________________ in the cytoplasm
In the mitochondria, the Krebs cycle makes CO2 and NADH and FADH
___________________ makes ATP on the inner membrane of the mitochondria
Oxygen and hydrogen make water
Total – 36 ATPs made by aerobic resp.

12. Anaerobic Respiration
If your body uses energy very quickly, pyruvic acid can build up
ATP is produced anaerobically by turning the pyruvic acid into lactic acid
Lactic acid builds up in muscles and hurts!
Intake of oxygen (heavy breathing) removes lactic acid from your muscles

13. Pyruvic acid + NADH  lactic acid + NAD+

14. Fermentation is a valuable anaerobic process used to make ATP by yeasts and bacteria
Fermentation produces CO2 and ethyl alcohol as by-products
Valuable in food/drink industry: yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, and others
*fermentation releases energy from food molecules by making ATP w/o oxygen

15. Pyruvic acid + NADH  alcohol + CO2 + NAD+