1. Pick up a new notes page and TURN IN CLASSIFICATION BOOKLET W/ RUBRIC!
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Pick up a new notes page and TURN IN CLASSIFICATION BOOKLET W/ RUBRIC!

2. Kingdom Protista

3. General Characteristics
Any organism not classified as a—plant, animal, fungus, or bacteria (prokaryote).
Protists are eukaryotic having a distinct nucleus and organelles.
Most protists are unicellular (one-celled) but some are multicellular.

4. 4. Protists are primarily classified according to how they obtain nutrition:
Animal-like—heterotrophs
(eat other organisms)
b. Plant-like—autotrophs
They contain chloroplasts
and make their own food
(photosynthesis).
Fungus-like—
Decomposers/Heterotrophs
Didinium
Paramecium
eating
Green like plants!
Water mold

5. Animal-like Protists (Protozoans)
Method of Movement:
Cilia—hair-like projections used for movement and feeding
Cytoplasmic streaming—pseudopod (false foot) extends and cytoplasm streams into it.
Video
Video

6. 2. Paramecium: Contractile Vacuole Nucleus Cilia Oral Groove
Collects and removes excess H2O
(Maintains homeostasis)
Nucleus
Cilia
Oral Groove
Used to collect food
Cell Membrane

7. 3. Amoeba:
Nucleus
Contractile Vacuole
Pseudopod
(False foot)

8. Importance of Animal-like Protists:
Flip to back of notes…
Importance of Animal-like Protists:
a. Harmful
i. Disease-causing parasites spread by insect bites
1. Malaria—Plasmodium spread by mosquito
2. African Sleeping Sickness— Trypmosoma spread by Tsetse fly

9. Beneficial Recycles nutrients by breaking down dead matter
Food source—for other organisms
Mutualism—both organisms benefit
Example: Trichonympha—makes it possible for termites to eat wood. Termites do not have the enzymes to digest wood.

10. a. Flagellum—whip-like structure used for movement 2. Euglena:
Plant-like Protists
1. Method of Movement:
a. Flagellum—whip-like structure used for movement
2. Euglena:
Eyespot
For photosynthesis (light)
Flagella
Nucleus
Video
Contractile Vacuole
Chloroplasts

11. Unicellular Algae:
Phytoplankton provides a source of nourishment for other organisms
b. Protists recycle sewage and waste materials.

12. Algal blooms are harmful when overgrown (the algae reproduce rapidly) —results in death and decomposition  depletes the water of nutrients (including O2) consequently killing fish.

13. Algal blooms called Red Tides cause illness, paralysis, and death of fish and even humans.
* WHAT CAUSES RED TIDES??
Massive blooms of dinoflagellates.
They produce toxins that become concentrated in shellfish
and can kill fish and make people sick.

14. Multicellular Algae:
Examples---
Red Algae
Green Algae
Brown Algae

15. Uses of Algae:
Algae is a good food source for life in the oceans.
Algae produces much of Earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis.
Algae is used to make sushi, ice cream, salad dressing, plastics, paint, agar.

16. Fungus-like Protists:
Examples—
Slime molds
Water molds

17. Importance of Fungus-like Protists:
Beneficial—
Recycles dead organic material. Results in rich, topsoil providing nutrients for plants.

18. Harmful—
P. Infestans (water mold) caused Great Potato Famine in Ireland. This lead to the mass starvation of 1 million Irish people.

19. Click here to learn about Dylan the Diatom
DIATOMS
Click here to learn about Dylan the Diatom

20. Kingdom Fungi

21. General Characteristics
Fungi are heterotrophs obtaining nutrients by absorption. (They CANNOT make their own food like plants can with photosynthesis.)
a. Fungi are either:
Parasites—obtain nutrients from living organisms
Decomposers—(or saprophytes) obtain nutrients from dead organisms
b. Obtain nutrition by releasing digestive enzymes on organic matter to break it down, then the fungi absorbs the nutrients.

22. Fungi are plant-like because they CANNOT move about.
Few fungi are unicellular but MOST are multicellular (many celled organisms).
All fungi are eukaryotic (Eu = True) having a distinct nucleus.
All have cell walls made mostly of the carbohydrate chitin, unlike cell walls of plants which are made mostly of cellulose. Chitin is found in the exoskeleton of insects.

23. Bread Mold
Spores—reproduction
Mycelium—absorbs nutrients
(NOT roots)

24. 2. Mushrooms
Spores
Mycelium

25. 3. Yeast: unicellular fungi; used in making bread
Ringworm and Athletes Foot: Parasites
5. Lichens: composed of fungi and algae
Example of mutualistic relationship—both benefit. Fungus provides moisture and algae provides food through photosynthesis.

26. Importance: 1. Beneficial a. Food—Mushrooms
b. Yeast—Baking and brewing
c. Cheeses—Bleu Cheese
d. Penicillin—Antibiotic
e. Cyclosporine—Drug used to prevent organ transplant rejection
f. Decomposers—Recycle nutrients by breaking down bodies and waste of other organisms

27. 2. Harmful: a. Mildew b. Human diseases—Ringworm and Athletes Foot c
2. Harmful: a. Mildew b. Human diseases—Ringworm and Athletes Foot c. Plant diseases—Mold, Powdery Mildew, Rusts

28. KNOW: Kingdom Archaebacteria: Kingdom Eubacteria: Kingdom Protista:
Unicellular (1), prokaryote, found in harsh environments
Kingdom Eubacteria:
Unicellular (1), prokaryote, common bacteria
Kingdom Protista:
Unicellular, eukaryote, animal-like, plant;like fungus-like
Kingdome Fungi:
Mostly multicellular, eukaryote, decomposer, cell wall made of chitin