1. 9th Grade Geography Introduction to maps

2. What is a map
A 1)generalized view of an 2)area usually some portion of 3)Earth’s surface
Its seen from 4)above at a greatly reduced 5)size

3. What is a map Any 6)geographical image of the 7)environment
A 8)two-dimensional representation of the 9)spatial distribution of selected 10)areas

4. Why make maps To represent a 11)larger area than we can 12)see
To show a 13)phenomenon or process we 14)can’t see with our 15)eyes
To present information 16)concisely
To show spatial 17)relationships

5. Represent a larger area

6. Show what we can’t see

7. Present info concisely

8. Show spatial relationships

9. How do we read maps Maps are 18)selective views of reality
Size of the map 19)relative to reality (scale)
20)What’s on the map (symbolization)
21)Shape of the map (projection)

10. Map scale
22)Ratio of the distance on the map to the 23)distance on the 24)ground
Scale is a 25)fraction
Larger area 26)covered means larger 27)denominator

11. Map scale 28)Larger denominator means 29)smaller fraction
So a 30)large-scale map covers a 31)small area

13. Large-scale
Small-scale

14. Map scale
Ratio of the 32)distance on the map to the distance on the 33)ground
Graphic:
Stays the 34)same when photocopied
Might 35)not be right for the 36)whole map

15. Map scale 37)Verbal:1 inch equals 10 miles 38)Easy to understand
Can change if 39)photocopied

16. Map scale 40)Representative fraction or 41)ratio 1:1,300,000
Units don’t 42)matter
Can 43)change if photocopied

17. Map symbolization 44)Symbols are a code instead of 45)text
Three kinds:
46)Point
47)Line
48)Area

18. Map symbolization Consider: 49)Shape Size 50)Orientation Pattern
51)Color
Value

19. Point symbols-Qualitative
Every 52)symbol counts as one 53)occurrence
54)Qualitative points
Indicate 55)location
Can also 56)describe that location

20. Point symbols-Quantitative
57)Quantitative points
Show a 58)distribution
Indicate a 59)value

21. Indicate a value

22. Line symbols Isolines or 61)Contour lines connect same 62)values
63)Flow-line maps indicate value by 64)width of line

23. Flow-line maps

24. Area symbols Each 65)territory or region has one 68)value
Differences in 69)kind

25. Differences in value (Choropleth)
71)Choropleth maps
Usually, 72)darker indicates 73)more
Cartograms 75)distort area to show 76)value

26. Cartogram

27. Topographic maps Also called 77)quadrangles
Nearly 54,000 for the 78)U.S.
Done by the US 79)Geological Survey (USGS) since 1897
Map out the 80)entire country in a 81)standard fashion

28. Topographic maps
Till the 82)1940s, you climbed to the highest 83)point and plotted what you could 84)see from there
Aerial 85)photography after WWII
Two 86)overlapping photos are put in a 87)stereoscope
10 88) photos for each 7.5 minute 89)map

29. Topographic maps
Show 90)2D features, point, line and area; also show 91)3D via contour lines
Common 92)symbols are in the appendix of the text
Note the contour interval at the bottom of the map