1. Revolutions in the Arts
Chapter 8
Section 4

2. Ideas of Romanticism
The Enlightenment ideas of reason gave way to another movement called romanticism
Romantic artists and writers turned from reason to emotion from society to nature
Nationalism fueled the imaginations of the romantics
Romantic beliefs:
- emphasized inner feelings, emotions, imagination
- focused on mysterious, supernatural, horrifying
- glorified heroes and heroic actions
- cherished folk traditions, music, stories

3. Romanticism in Literature
Poetry, music and painting were the most influential arts
Poetry was the highest form of expression
Poems celebrated rebellious heroes, passionate love, and the mystery and beauty of nature
Les Miserables & Hunchback of Notre Dame, Victor Hugo
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, Grimms Tales

4. The Gothic Novel Gothic horror stories were popular
Fearful, violent and supernatural events
Mary Shelly, Frankenstein

5. Composers Emphasize Emotion
Emotion dominated the music produced by romantic composers
From the tightly controlled, formal composition of the Enlightenment to the soaring celebrated heroism and national pride of the romantic period
Musicians and composers became popular heroes amongst the middle-class
Ludwig van Beethoven – Ninth Symphony
Polish composer Chopin appealed to the hearts and souls of his listeners with dance rhythms
Wagner brought European opera to a dramatic high point

6. A Shift to Realism
Industrialism deeply affected everyday life in Europe
Industrial workers lived grim lives in dirty, crowded cities
Industrialism began to make the dreams of the romantics seem pointless
Realism tried to show life as it was, not as it should be
The arts now reflected the importance of the working class and described the workers’ sufferings

7. Photographers Capture Reality
Louis Daguerre – inventor of photography
William Talbot invented light- sensitive paper to produce negatives
Negatives are used to make copies of a picture >>>>>mass distribution of gained a wide audience for the realism of photography
Photography, scientific, mechanical and mass- produced, was the art of the new industrial age

8. Writers Study Society
Honore de Balzac wrote about the struggle for wealth and power among the levels of French society in the his book The Human Comedy
Emile Zola exposed the harsh working conditions in the shops, factories and coal mines during industrialization which spurred reforms of labor laws and working conditions in France
Charles Dickens highlighted London’s working poor in many of his novels which were set in gloomy neighborhoods

9. Charles Dickens
“Heart of London, there is a moral in thy every stroke! as I look on at thy indomitable working, which neither death, nor press of life, nor grief, nor gladness out of doors will influence one jot, I seem to hear a voice within thee which sinks into my heart, bidding me, as I elbow my way among the crowd, have some thought for the meanest wretch that passes, and, being a man, to turn away with scorn and pride from none that bear the human shape.”
From Master Humphrey’s Clock

10. Impressionists React Against Realism
Tired of showing the “reality” of life, French artists began to paint their impression of a subject or a moment in time
Impressionism was the style of art that used light and pure, shimmering colors
Impressionists showed a more positive view of urban society during the industrialization era
Instead of abused workers, they showed workers enjoying themselves and glorified the delights of life of the rising middle class
Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Renoir