1. Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century
Chapter 11
The Late Middle Ages:
Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

2. Timeline

3. A Time of Troubles: Black Death and Social Crisis
“Little Ice Age”
Small drop in average temperatures
Famine
Heavy rain (1315 – 1317) led to food shortages
Population growth up to 1300 put pressure on food supply

4. The Black Death Most devastating natural disaster in European History
Bubonic Plague
Rats and Fleas
Yersinia Pestis
Spread of the Plague
Originated in Asia
Arrived in Europe in 1347
Mortality reached 50 – 60 percent in some areas
Wiped out between 25 – 50 percent of European population (19 – 38 million dead in four years)
Plague returns in 1361 – 1362 and 1369

5. Map 11.1: Spread of the Black Death

6. Life and Death: Reactions to the Plague
Plague as a punishment from God
The flagellants
Attacks against Jews
Violence
Bring out your dead

7. Economic Dislocation and Social Upheaval
Labor Shortage + Falling prices for agricultural products = Drop in aristocratic incomes
Statute of Laborers (1351) sought to limit wages
Social Mobility
Peasant Revolts
Jacquerie in France (1358)
English Peasants’ Revolt (1381)
Revolts in the Cities
Ciompi Revolt in Florence (1378)

8. Agenda 8/22/13 Question – Review from yesterday
Notes on Political Instability
Reading tonight: The Decline of the Church
Continue with the Mini-DBQ
Tomorrow – Larger DBQ workshop in class
Monday – Review and Map Quiz
Tuesday – FIRST TEST

9. Question
In a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) explain what the Black Death was, why it was so devastating, and what the outcome politically and economically was in Europe as a result of it.

10. Chart 11.1: Background to the Hundred Years’ War: Kings of France and England

11. The Hundred Years’ War Causes Conduct and Course of the War
Entanglement of French and English royal families
King Edward III (1327 – 1377) claims French crown
French seize duchy of Gascony (1337) sparking war
Conduct and Course of the War
Differences in the armies
Battle of Crecy (1346)
Henry V (1413 – 1422)
Battle of Agincourt (1415)
Charles the Dauphin (heir to the French throne)
Joan of Arc (1412 – 1431)
Siege of Orleans
Captured by allies of the English in 1430
Burned at the stake (1431)
Gunpowder
War ends with French victory (1453)

12. Map 11.2: The Hundred Years’ War

13. Political Instability
Breakdown of Feudal Institutions
Scutage
New Royal Dynasties
Financial Problems
Parliaments gain power

14. The Growth of England’s Political Institutions
Edward III (1327 – 1377)
Parliament
House of Lords
House of Commons
Richard II (1377 – 1399)
Aristocratic factionalism
Henry IV (1399 – 1413)
Deposed Richard II

15. The Problems of the French Kings
Weakness of the French Monarchy
Estates-General
1357 meeting
Charles VI (1380 – 1422)
Competition between the dukes of Burgundy and Orléans to control Charles

16. Germany & Italy The German Monarchy Breakup of the Holy Roman Empire
Hundreds of States
Elective Monarchy
The Golden Bull (1356)
Weak kings

17. The States of Italy The States of Italy Lack of centralized authority
Republicanism to Tyranny
Development of regional states
Milan
Florence
Venice

18. Mini-DBQ Finish annotating those four sources in the book.
Come up with a thesis sentence for those four sources.
Go over all the sources together in class.

19. The Ponte Vecchio – Venice

20. Agenda 8/23/13 Map quiz on Monday Ch. 11 test on Tuesday
Majority of the test will come from the notes we went over in class
Question – Creating your first historical political cartoon
Finish Mini-DBQ discussion and talk about POV with the last source
Notes on the Decline of the Church
DBQ Black Death
One-sentence summary of each source
Try to categorize each source

21. Political cartoon
Draw a scene with three individuals digging up the ground getting ready to plant a garden.

22. The Decline of the Church
Boniface VIII and the Conflict with the State
Boniface VIII (1294 – 1303)
Conflict with Philip the Fair of France
Unam Sanctam (1302)
Captured by French at Anagni
Clement V (1305 – 1314)
The Papacy at Avignon (1305 – 1377)
Stay at Avignon leads to a decline in papal prestige
Captives of the French monarchy
New sources of revenue
Catherine of Siena (c – 1380)

23. Bridge at Avignon – The City of the Popes

24. The Great Schism Papacy returns to Rome in 1378 Rival popes elected
Pope Urban VI
Pope Clement VII
The Great Schism divides Europe
Calls for systematic reform
Marsiglio of Padua (c – 1342), Defender of the Peace
Conciliarism
Council of Pisa (1409)
Deposed both popes and elected a new pope
Popes refuse to step down
Results in three popes!!!
Council of Constance (1414 – 1418)
End of the Schism
Pope Martin V (1417 – 1431)

25. Popular Religion Trends Mysticism and Lay Piety
Mechanical paths to salvation
Mysticism and Lay Piety
Meister Eckhart (1260 – 1327)
Modern Devotion
Gerard Groote (1340 – 1384) and the Brothers of the Common Life
Unique Female Mystical Experiences

26. Changes in Theology Challenges to Scholastic Thought
William of Occam (1285 – 1329)
Nominalism
Consequences of William’s ideas

27. Finishing the cartoon Label the ground the late middle ages
Label the individuals the three things we have been talking about for the past three days
Draw a little shoot growing up and label it the Renaissance

28. Larger DBQ
Go through and try to sum up each document in one sentence on your own
Now, figure out categories you can place multiple documents in and start organizing the different documents.
Use your neighbor for this as well
Finally, construct an outline of your thesis and the different topics you would cover
We will finish this up on Monday after the quiz

29. Agenda 8/26/13 Map quiz Finish chapter 11 notes
Go over test format tomorrow – discussion questions
Long DBQ on the Black Death – hand out
Tuesday – Test
Wednesday – Start Ch. 12: The Renaissance

30. The Development of Vernacular Literature and New Directions in Art
Dante (1265 – 1321)
The Divine Comedy
Petrarch (1304 – 1374)
Sonnets
Boccaccio (1313 – 1375)
Decameron
Chaucer (c – 1400)
The Canterbury Tales
Christine de Pizan (c – 1430)
The Book of the City of Ladies
Art and the Black Death
Giotto (1266 – 1337)
Morbidity of late fourteenth-century art

31. Giotto, Lamentation

32. Change & Invention Changes in Urban Life New Directions in Medicine
Greater Regulation
Marriage
Gender Roles
Male: active and domineering
Women: passive and submissive
Medieval children
New Directions in Medicine
Hierarchy
Trends
Inventions and New Patterns
The mechanical clock
New conception of time
Gunpowder and cannons

33. A Medical Textbook

34. Mechanical Clock in the Prague Town Hall

35. Discussion Questions
What impact did the Black Death have on medieval European society?
What were the causes of the Hundred Years’ War?
Who was Joan of Arc and what role did she play in the Hundred Years’ War?
How did the Hundred Years’ War impact the relations between the English King and his Parliament?
Why did the stay at Avignon lead to a decline in papal prestige?
How was the Great Schism finally ended?
How did Dante, Chaucer and Christine de Pisan reflect the values of their respective societies?
How did the Black Death affect urban and family life?

36. Agenda 8/27/13 Ch. 11 Exam today Start the Renaissance tomorrow
Tonight – Organize the DBQ sources into categories and come up with the thesis. Be ready to talk about your categories and thesis tomorrow first thing.

37. Web Links ORB – Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
The End of Europe’s Middle Ages
The Black Death, 1347 – 1350
Medieval Dance of Death
De Re Militari – Society for Medieval Military History
The Age of King Charles V
The World of Dante
Geoffrey Chaucer