1. Overview of Pyridine Nucleotides Review Series
by Michinari Nakamura, Aruni Bhatnagar, and Junichi Sadoshima
Circulation Research
Volume 111(5):
August 17, 2012
Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Schematic of pyridine nucleotides biosynthesis and their functions.
Schematic of pyridine nucleotides biosynthesis and their functions. Pyridine nucleotides are involved in a wide variety of cellular functions, including energy production, metabolism, redox reactions, survival/death, and ion channels under normal and pathological conditions. Trp indicates tryptophan; Na, nicotinic acid; QA, quinolinic acid; NaMN, nicotinic acid mononucleotide; Nam, nicotinamide; NMN, nicotinamide mononucleotide; NR, nicotinamide riboside; Nampt, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; Nmnat, Nam/Na mononucleotide adenylyl transferase; NADK, NAD kinase; NaPRT, Na phosphoribosyltransferase; QAPRT, quinolate phosphoribosyltransferase; NaMNAT, nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase; NaAD, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide; NaDS, NAD synthase; Trx, thioredoxin; Nox, NADPH oxidase; GSH, glutathione; Redox, reduction-oxidation; ROS, reactive oxygen species; PARP, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases; MART, mono-ADP-ribose transferase; cADP, cyclic ADP-ribose synthase; ETC, electron transport chain.
Michinari Nakamura et al. Circ Res. 2012;111:
Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.