1. Warm Up:
What were the four causes for the decline of medieval life?

2. Renaissance

3. What was the Renaissance?
Period following the middle ages ( )
“Rebirth” of classical Greece and Rome
Began in Italy
Moved to northern Europe

4. Objectives During the middle ages During the Renaissance Find God
Prove pre-conceived ideas
During the Renaissance
Find man
Promote learning

5. "The Renaissance gave birth to the modern era, in that it was in this era that human beings first began to think of themselves as individuals. In the early Middle Ages, people had been happy to see themselves simply as parts of a greater whole – for example, as members of a great family, trade guild, nation, or Church. This communal consciousness of the Middle Ages gradually gave way to the individual consciousness of the Renaissance."
– McGrath, Alister, In the Beginning, Anchor Books (2001), p.38.

6. Why was Italy the first to rediscover these ancient ideas?
Trade made the Italian city-states fabulously wealthy
Competition between the city-states for status
Available history. Italy is layered with ancient relics and ruins.
Pride in the power of ancient Rome

7. I. The Renaissance was the period that followed (brought Europe out of) the Middle Ages. It was a time of renewed interest in things of this world.
A. Human beings and their conditions
B. Education, art, literature, and science
C. Approximately

8. II. The Renaissance started in Italy where wealth from trade supported art learning.
A. Here also modern capitalism was born. Private individuals or companies, not the government, owned businesses. The main goal is profit.
B. Republican government arose in most cities. Citizens participated.

9. III. Humanism, a system of thought and action concerned with human interests and values, was the dominant movement of the Renaissance.
A. Human beings have dignity and intelligence.
B. People can change the world and make it a better place for all.

10. Humanism Pursuit of individualism Basic culture needed for all
Recognition that humans are creative
Appreciation of art as a product of man
Basic culture needed for all
Life could be enjoyable
Love of the classical past

11. IV. The ideal so-called Renaissance man was successful in business, well-mannered, educated, athletic, and brave.
A. The goal of education became making people well-rounded.
B. Religion remained important, but the authority and some practices of the church began to be questioned.

12. Causes of the Renaissance
Lessening of feudalism
Church disrespected
Nobility in chaos
Growth of Middle Class through trade
Fall of Constantinople
Greek scholars fled to Italy
Education
Nostalgia among the Italians to recapture the glory of the Roman empire

13. Renaissance Man Broad knowledge about many things in different fields
Deep knowledge of skill in one area
Able to link areas and create new knowledge

14. Gutenberg Bible
C. The Gutenberg Bible, named for the craftsman and inventor of printing by use of moveable type, Johannes Gutenberg, was completed in 1455 at Mainz, Germany. The three-volume Latin text arguably represents the greatest single innovation in the history of communication technology, as well as a style of printing that existed almost unaltered until the twentieth century. Gutenberg’s invention and the dispersion of relatively cheap printed materials ultimately stimulated enormous change—social, political, economic, and religious. Some forty perfect vellum copies of Gutenberg’s masterpiece of technological advancement still exist in the world.

15. V. Niccolo Machiavelli ( ), in The Prince (1513) said, basically, one must do whatever one must do to get and stay in power. If it works, it is the "right" thing to do. Forget ideals; lie, cheat, even murder if you must. A stable state is needed.

16. VI. Some brilliant people lived during this time.

17. A. Leanardo da Vinci ( ) painted (Mona Lisa), studied geology, chemistry and anatomy, designed buildings, canals and weapons, and sketched engines and flying machines.

18. Mona Lisa
The greatness of the Mona Lisa
What do you see?

19. "'Those [artists] who are enamored of practice without science,' Leonardo explained, 'are like sailors who board a ship without rudder and compass, never having any certainty as to whither they go.'"
– Isacoff, Stuart, Temperament, Vintage Books, 2001, p. 85.

20. Notebooks Coded Scientific illustration Read R L with a mirror
Used science to support art

21. Military

22. Aeronautics

23. Anatomy

24. Technology Machines Hydraulics Vehicles on land Architecture
Scientific method

25. “Those sciences are vain and filled with errors which are not borne of experiment, the mother of all certainty.”
Leonardo da Vinci

26. Legacy Only 17 paintings Notebooks Drawings of unfinished works
Diverted rivers to prevent flooding
Principles of turbine
Cartography
Submarine
Flying machine
Parachute
…And much more….

27. Leonardo’s Environment and Motivation
Earning a living (profit)
Rivalry with other artists
Scientific curiosity
Civic duty

28. B. Michelangelo Buonaroti ( ) painted (the Sistine Chapel ceiling), sculptured (David), designed buildings, and wrote poetry.

29. Commissions by Medici Lived in the Medici palace Studied anatomy
Several pieces for the Medici tombs, etc.

30. Return to Rome
Worked on tomb for Julius II
Sistine Chapel

31. Sistine Chapel

32. Sistine Chapel

33. Moses
Received funding from Pope Leo X
The Moses

34. St. Peter’s
Architect for St. Peter’s

35. Legacy World’s greatest sculptor Painter Poet Architect Engineer
See the figure inside the stone and remove excess
Painter
Mannerism
Poet
Architect
Engineer

36. C. Desiderius Erasmus (1469?-1536), a priest who wrote books, The Praise of Folly 1509, condemned ignorance and superstition. He believed education could lead to more perfect societies.

37. D. Raphael ( )

38. Time in Rome Borrowed techniques from other great artists
Often sketched women and children
Architect for St. Peter’s
Died at 37 and buried in Pantheon

39. School of Athens

40. School of Athens

41. Madonna of the Meadow

42. Legacy of Raphael Refinement Exemplar of the Renaissance Expertise:
Artist, archeologist, writer, philosopher, teacher

43. E. Titian ( )
More art can be viewed at the Louvre Museum.

44. Titian and the Venetian School
Characteristics:
Vivid colors
Dynamics and dramatic movement
Sensuality

45. F. William Shakespeare wrote plays showing humans as in God's image, but part of this world as well.

46. Inventions of the Renaissance

47. Clocks The oldest surviving mechanical clock were made in the 1300’s.
Italian scientist Galileo discovered the pendulum.
This made for better time keeping.

48. Water clocks and hourglasses
Water clocks and hourglasses were widely using in the 1500’s.

49. Water clocks and hourglasses
Water clocks and hourglasses were widely using in the 1500’s.

51. Printing The Chinese were the first to invent printing in 868.
In the mid-1400’s, Johan Gutenberg of Germany invented a printing press using moveable type.
Now books could be printed with greater speed and less effort.
The Gutenberg Bible is considered one of the first books ever printed.

53. Eyeglasses Eyeglasses were invented in the 1300’s.
With the invention of the printing press in the 1400’s, the demand for eyeglasses increased.
Far-sighted glasses (for reading) were developed first.
Later on near-sightedness was able to be corrected.

55. Lenses Lenses were used for more than just eyeglasses.
Galileo used lenses to make an astronomical telescope to look at the stars and planets in 1606.
Isaac Newton made the first reflecting telescope in 1668.

57. The Musket
The musket was the first usable rifle that soldiers could carry into battle.
It was developed in Spain in the 1500’s.
It could fire a metal ball that could seriously kill or hurt someone.
The first muskets were very large weighing 40 pounds and being over 6 feet long.
They were very hard to use.

59. The Rudder
The invention of the rudder in the 1200’s greatly increased the control over steering a ship.

61. The Flush Toilet
The flush toilet, or water closet as it was called dates back to 1589 when it was invented by Sir John Harington.
Harington invented a valve that when pulled would release water from a water closet. Sir John recommended flushing the toilet once or twice a day, although with our modern technology, we know that is probably not sufficient. (Rumor has it that, in Robin Hood's day, King Arthur - angry with how his brother ruled the country while the King was gone, named the toilet, 'the john' - aka as 'the jon' to you folks.)

63. Adding Machine
The French scientist, Blaise Pascal has been credited with inventing the very first digital calculator. In 1642, the 18-year-old Pascal, the son of a French tax collector, invented his numerical wheel calculator called the Pascaline, to help his father count taxes.

65. Thermometer
The Thermometer was invented by Galileo in 1593 which, for the first time, allowed temperature variations to be measured. In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first mercury thermometer, the modern thermometer.
Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in some way when they are heated or cooled.

67. Submarine
The submarine was invented in 1624 by a man named Cornelius van Drebbel.
Leonardo da Vinci drew out the basic concept of a submarine over one hundred years before.
Drebbel, a Dutch inventor and engineer employed by the British navy constructed a leather- covered rowboat from which oars protruded through watertight seals.
Drubbel's ship could stay underwater for a few hours, but it only went about fifteen feet under the surface.

69. The Match
Fire - our worst enemy, our best friend - was difficult to create until Robert Boyle invented the match in 1680.
Although fire could be made by rubbing sticks together or by striking flint to steel, this was a time consuming process. Boyle discovered that when phosphorus and sulfur were rubbed together, they would burst into flame.
Although convenient, Boyle's matches were not very safe, because sometimes they accidentally went up in flames while in a pocket. (Warm surprise!)
With some improvements and a little fine tuning, this invention led to your modern safety match many years later.

72. Renaissance Word Search