1. Sui, Tang, and Song

2. Fall of the Han China was split into three separate states
The ideal of the Empire did not go away
Wei in the north
11 million people
Shu in the west
Over 7 million people
Jin
Reunited China briefly

3. Split between North and South
6 different dynasties controlled the south
Non-Chinese barbarians controlled the north
The split was the Yellow River
Warfare and ecological problems in the north caused increase populations in the south
Cultural and ethical ideologies continued
Assimilation of “barbarians” kept everyone “Chinese”

4. Spread of Buddhism While, China was split, Buddhism reached the area
Mixed into Confucianism and Doaism

5. What was still Chinese? 400 years of disunity, but: Language Ideology
Culture
Administration at the local level
Aristocratic families
Imperial prestige
Administrative experitise

6. Reunification under the Sui
Had to rebuild military power, economic productivity, and administrative integration
Were successful at all three

7. Sui Dynasty 581-618 Founded by Emperor Wen (r. 581-604)
General from the north
Conquered and unified all of inner China
Gave his military land rights
Created a loyal standing army of farmers
Had the crossbow, armor, and drilled
Emperor Yang (r )
Combined Confucianism, Doaism, and Buddhism
Moved local administrators every 3 years
Wrote a new legal code
Completed the Grand Canal

9. Fall of the Sui
Spent a lot on the military and attempts to conquer the north
Grand Canal expenses
7 years
5.5 million workers
All commoners btwn the ages 15 and 55 had to work on it
50,000 police supervised the building
Attempts to conquer Korea, and central Asia
A General took over and created the Tang

10. 3 Tang Policies Maintain transportation and communication networks
Equal field system
Bureaucracy based on merit

11. Gaozong Conquered north Korea Conquered Koguryo
Other Korean states became tributary states
Was ill and shared responsibilities with his empress Wu Zhao (Empress Wu)
After Gaozong’s death (683), she ruled through her sons
In 690, she declared herself the first and only female emperor

12. Transportation/ Communications
Grade Canal
Road system
Inns
Postal stations
Stables
Garrisons
Could get to most distant cities within 8 days

13. Caravanserai

14. Equal Field System
Land distributed according to fertility of land and family need
1/5 became hereditary
Rest would be redistributed when needs changed
Rise in populations & Buddhist monasteries caused problems in the later Tang Dynasty

15. Bureaucracy Civil service exams Members were loyal to the Dynasty
This system stayed in place until the 20th century
Wrote legal code
Wrote Confucian manual of rights

16. Expansion Took Manchuria Korea forced to acknowledge Tang as overlords
Conquered N. Vietnam
Part of Tibet
One of the largest empires in Chinese history

17. Empress Wu Didn’t like old aristocracy
Pulled in officials from lower classes
Confucianist really didn’t like her in control
Used Buddhism to justify her rule instead
She was deposed in 705
How do the Chinese historians write about her?

18. Xuanzong 712- 756 High point of Tang Dynasty Prosperous time
Trade revived
Cities grew
Art
Lady Yang
Dynasty never recovers

19. Foreign Relations
Ares surrounding borders paid a tribute to Tang Emperors
In return, border states were recognized as kingdoms
Trade and cultural exchange through this system

21. Culture of Tang Moveable-type Perfected form of porcelain Tea Poetry
Buddhist temples and caves

22. Ferghana horse pottery

23. Hill of the Thousand Buddhas

24. Women under the Tang Some freedom and political power
Divorce was frequent and common
Women played polo

25. Decline Bad leaders An Lushan led a rebellion in 755-757
An Lushan was murdered by his son
Tang invited the Uighurs (Turkish) to help suppress the An Lushan army
They agreed, but got to sack Chang’an and Luoyang in return for their services

26. Decline Huang Chao led rebellion in the countryside
Controlled eastern China from 875 to 884
Tang Emperors extended power to military leaders until they ended up rulers
907 the last Emperor abdicated his throne

27. Song Dynasty (960-1279) Warlords controlled areas until 960
Emphasized civil administration, industry, education, and arts rather than military
Song Taizu (1st Emperor)
Was a military officer
Once named Emperor he convinced his generals to retire so they wouldn’t overthrow him
Rewarded gov’t officials for their loyalty
Expanded those who could take exams

29. Song Decline Huge bureaucracy cost too much
Raised taxes led to rebellions
Put bureaucrats in charge of military
They didn’t know anything about military
Nomadic people were doing well b/c of this
Khitan people (Mongolia) demanded tribute money from the Song
Jurchen conquered Khitan, took over capital, and created a Jin Empire
Song moved capital city creating Southern Song Empire
Mongols

30. Economics Increase in agricultural production Population Increase
Fast-ripening rice
Iron plows
Pumps and water wheels
Terraced farming
Population Increase
By end of Song, China had 100 million people

31. Urbanization
Cites had restaurants, taverns, teahouses, brothels, theaters, etc…
Most cities had a population of 100,000 or more
Spring Festival

32. Commercialized Economy
Farmers started growing fruits and vegetables to sell
Specialization developed
Some areas began importing rice and just grew commercial foods

33. Social
Patriarchal
Veneration of ancestors
Foot binding

35. Technology and Industry
Porcelain
Metallurgy
Iron and steel
Gunpowder
Printing/moveable type
Important to Buddhism and Confucianism
Magnetic compass

36. Market Economy Credit Paper money
Caused problems so only the state could issue it
Eventually the paper money became worthless