1. Japanese Social Hierarchy
During Tokugawa Period

2. Tokugawa: Achieving Unity
1600: Tokugawa Ieyasu, Hideyoshi’s successor, claimed the title of shogun.
Set up the Tokugawa shogunate, which lasted until 1868.
During this time, shoguns created a peaceful, orderly society under centralized feudalism.

3. Achieving Unity
Tokugawa shoguns left feudal class in place, but brought the daimyo under their control.
Daimyo: great samurai
Shogun required daimyo to spend every other year in Edo (Tokyo).
Daimyo had to leave their wives and children in Edo as permanent hostages to ensure their good behavior.
Emperor remained a powerless figurehead.

4. Achieving Unity Economic and Social Changes:
Edo grew from a small fishing village to a bustling city.
Roads improved.
Trade and travel increased.
Cities and towns sprang up by harbors and along rivers.
New economic markets developed.

5. Achieving Unity Economic and Social Changes:
The daimyo and their samurai followers had to adapt to the changing conditions.
No longer spent all its time fighting.
Some samurai became government officials.
Others managed the estates of daimyos and the shogun.
Education became more widespread.
By the early 1800s, Japan had become a unified nation in many ways.

6. was a strict code that demanded:
Samurai Bushido Code
"way of the warrior"
7 virtues of the bushido code:
Gi - Rectitude
Yu - Courage
Jin - Benevolence
Rei - Respect
Makoto - Honesty
Meiyo - Honor
Chugi - Loyalty
Samurai Warrior Code
was a strict code that demanded:
loyalty
devotion
and honor to the death

7. An Isolated Nation
Early on, the Tokugawas felt threatened by the growing number of westerners who were arriving in Japan.
Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English
Catholic missionaries had success in converting people, which angered the shogun.
Early 1600s: Japanese government began persecuting foreign missionaries and Japanese Christians.
1639: Japan was closed to the world.
Foreigners were forbidden from entering the country.
Japanese who left couldn’t return.
Outlawed the building of ocean-going ships.
Exceptions: Some contact with China, Korea, and the Dutch.
Isolation lasted for more than 200 years.

8. CAUSES> MEIJI RESTORATION> EFFECTS:
-SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC UNREST
-FOREIGN PRESSURE
-DAIMYO AND SAMURAI REVOLT
-STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
-BUSINESSES ADAPTED WESTERN METHODS
-LEADERS ENCOURAGED INDUSTRIALIZATION
-BUILT AND EMPIRE
-EXTENDED INFLUENCE IN KOREA
-CONFLICT WITH CHINA AND DEFEAT OF RUSSIA; EXPANSION OF INFLUENCE-IMPERIALISM OF EUROPEDCOPIED

9. Commodore Matthew C. Perry

12. March 31, 1854
1. Peace and friendship between the United States and Japan.
2. Opening of two ports to American ships
3. Help for any American ships wrecked on the Japanese coast
and
protection for shipwrecked persons
4. Permission for American ships to buy supplies, coal, water, and
other necessary provisions in Japanese ports.

13. 1853 - Matthew Perry arrives in Tokyo harbor
What was the American motive in sending in the fleet?
To intimidate Japan… An effort to start trade

14. 1854 - Japan signs the treaty of Kanagawa
How did the U.S. benefit from the terms of the treaty?
Gained the right to trade in 2 ports

15. 1867 - Mutsuhito establishes a new Gov’t

16. 1867 - Mutsuhito establishes a new Gov’t
3. What steps did the Meiji take to modernize Japan?
Western Industrialization
American Education
German Gov’t & Military

17. 1885 – Japan & China pledge not to send armies to Korea
Why were both countries interested in Korea?
Trade
Military Outpost

18. 1894 – Sino-Japanese War begins
How did the war begin?
1. Rebellion against Korean King
2. Korea asks China for help
3. Japan sent to fight Chinese

19. 1894 – Sino-Japanese War begins
What consequences did the war have?
Destruction of Chinese Navy
New Japanese Empire
Japan & Russia new asian powers

20. 1904 – Russia & Japan go to war over Manchuria
What was the cause of this war?
1. Russia won’t leave Korea
2. Japan attacks Russian Navy off coast of Manchuria

21. 1904 – Russia & Japan go to war over Manchuria
What were some consequences?
Destruction of Russian Navy
Territorial gains for Japan

22. Harsh rule Denied Korean rights
1910 – Japan annexes Korea
9. How did the Japanese rule Korea?
Harsh rule
Denied Korean rights
Led to Korean nationalist movement (eventually U.S. involvement in Korean War)