1. Addiction and Substance Abuse
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2. Learning Objectives Define substance abuse and addiction
Outline the acute effects of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine on the body
List several guidelines that can be used to maintain control over alcohol use
Outline the behavioral and physiological effects of alcohol as a function of the level of alcohol in the blood
Discuss the long-term health consequences of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use
Describe the addictive properties of tobacco and the impact of prolonged tobacco use on health
Describe the acute effects of caffeine on the body
Outline products that contain caffeine and list the pros and cons of caffeine use
Identify ways to reduce your risk of drug use
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3. What Is Addiction?
Habitual psychological/physical dependence on substance/practice beyond voluntary control
Associated with the traits of
Reinforcement leading to craving
Loss of control
Escalation
Negative outcomes
Denial
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4. What Is Addiction? (cont.)
Addiction can involve a substance and/or behavior
Substances: drugs, alcohol, tobacco
Behaviors: gambling, Internet usage, pornography, sex, gaming, eating, shoplifting, or exercising
Addiction can be physical and/or psychological
Chemical dependence
Withdrawal symptoms
Tolerance
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5. ABC News: Treating Addictions with Virtual Reality
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6. ABC News: Hidden Addictions
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Video
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8. Causes of Addiction Numerous Potential Causes Types of drug used
Genetics
Brain chemistry
Psychological makeup
Social factors
Personality characteristics
Heredity
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9. Substance Abuse Substance Abuse
Use of illegal or inappropriate use of legal drugs to produce pleasure, to alleviate stress, or to alter/avoid reality
Drug use interferes with other areas of one's life, such as grades, work, relationships, or legal issues
Commonly Abused Substances
Alcohol
Illicit drugs, including
marijuana, cocaine, heroin
hallucinogens
inhalants
tranquilizers
stimulants
sedatives
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10. Psychoactive Drugs User experiences altered state of consciousness
Examples
Marijuana (stimulant)
Cocaine (powerful stimulant)
"Club drugs" – Ecstasy, LSD, GHB, methamphetamine (addictive stimulant)
Prescription drugs – OxyContin
Over-the-counter drugs—cough suppressants and expectorants
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11. Health Effects of Psychoactive Drugs
Long-term marijuana use
Psychological dependence/lung damage
Long-term cocaine use
Cardiovascular effects, respiratory effects, neurological effects, GI problems
Long-term methamphetamine use
Paranoia, aggressiveness, extreme anorexia, memory loss, hallucinations, delusions, and dental problems
Drug use/abuse by pregnant women = serious health effects on developing fetus
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12. ABC News: Campus Drug Dealers
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Video
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13. ABC News: Eliminating Meth
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Video
Discussion Questions
Do you think the young couple had a history of meth abuse?
How did crystal meth abuse interfere with the man getting the help he needed?
Do you find the anti-meth ads effective?
Are there better ideas to curb meth use than with shock ads?
Could this type of ad be effective against other drugs? What might be the drawbacks to using the same format?
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14. ABC News: Heroin in Suburbia
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15. Alcohol
Most widely used recreational drug in United States and most popular on college campuses
63% of college students use alcohol and 31% abuse it
Central nervous system depressant
Impaired vision, slowed reaction time, impaired motor coordination
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) determines extent of central nervous system depression
BAC determined by amount of alcohol consumed, and rate alcohol metabolized by body
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16. BAC Chart
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17. Standard Alcoholic Drink Sizes
Ethyl alcohol is the psychoactive ingredient in all alcoholic beverages. A standard drink is defined as a 12-ounce beer, a 1.5-ounce cocktail drink, or a 5-ounce glass of wine. Each of these contains approximately 0.6 ounce of ethyl alcohol.
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18. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

19. Alcohol Abuse/Addiction
Four criteria of abuse
Alcohol use in hazardous situations
Alcohol-related school problems
Recurrent interpersonal problems
Recurrent legal problems
Alcohol Addiction (alcoholism)
Alcohol dependence
Involves craving alcohol/not being able to control impulse to drink
Binge drinking
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20. Effects of Alcohol Abuse
Liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis) = liver failure/death
Damage to central nervous system = brain damage
Increased risk for cancers of the esophagus, pancreas, stomach, mouth, tongue, and liver
During pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome/other birth defects
Physical, behavioral, and learning problems
See Lab 16.1: Alcohol Abuse Inventory
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21. ABC News: Spring Break Nightmare
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Video
Discussion Questions
Why do you think female college students in particular drink more during Spring Break than at other times of the year?
What are some smart choices to make to protect yourself during Spring Break?
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22. Tobacco
Contains nicotine: most heavily used addictive drug in United States
Cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and pipe tobacco
Nicotine addiction
Provides immediate "psychological kick"
Causes withdrawal symptoms
Secondhand smoke contains toxic chemicals
Health Effects of Tobacco Use
Tobacco smoking: leading cause of death in United States, accounting for one in five deaths per year
Increases cancer risk: lung, larynx, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, and kidney
Woman smokers: likely to lose baby during pregnancy and/or to have low birth weight babies
See Lab 16.2: Tobacco Usage Inventory
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23. ABC News: Smash the Ash Discussion Questions
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Video
Discussion Questions
What are the biggest deterrents to smoking?
Do antismoking ads reinforce smoking habits?
Is seeing the different lungs (a healthy lung, a smoker's lung, a lung with cancer) effective?
Why do people quit smoking? Is there any way you can help a friend or family member quit?
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24. ABC News: Secondhand Smoke
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Video
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25. Caffeine
Substance in coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolate, and certain medications
Stimulates central nervous system (CNS) within 15 minutes
Moderate doses (2–4 cups of coffee) increases alertness/provide an energy boost
Large doses = restlessness and irritability
insomnia, headaches, and abnormal heart rhythms
Creates psychological dependence
Withdrawal symptoms = headache, muscle pain, and fatigue
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26. Anabolic Steroids Synthetic male sex hormones (e.g. testosterone)
Available by prescription (tablet or ointment)
Health Effects
Psychological effects: aggressiveness, uncontrolled bouts of anger ("roid rage"), depression
Liver cysts and cancer
Increased blood cholesterol, increased blood clotting
Hypertension, reduced sperm count, testicular shrinkage, impotence
Irreversible breast enlargement in men, and development of masculine characteristics in women
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27. Drug Abuse Avoidance Strategies
Find productive ways to increase self-esteem
Learn and practice stress-coping techniques
Develop varied interests
Practice assertiveness
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28. Summary
Alcohol, nicotine (tobacco products), marijuana, and cocaine are the most widely used and abused drugs in the United States
Alcohol is the single most common recreational drug used in the United States
Use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine increases your risk of accidents, and prolonged use may result in psychological dependence, physical addiction, and damaged health
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29. Summary (cont.)
Tobacco use can lead to an addiction to nicotine and prolonged use leads to increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and cancer
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant found in common foods and beverages. It is currently unclear whether chronic consumption is a significant health risk
Long-term use of anabolic steroids can cause psychological and physiological side effects
Decrease your risk of abusing drugs by increasing your self-esteem, learning how to cope with stress, developing numerous interests, and practicing assertiveness
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.