1. Informetrics, Webometrics and Web Use metrics
Huimin Lu
10/21/2004

2. Outline History Article 1: Bibliometrics & WWW
Article 2: Bibliometrics of the WWW
Article 3: Authoritative Sources
Article 4: ParaSite
Article 1: Bibliometrics and the World Wide Web
Article 2: Bibliometrics of the World Wide Web: An Exploratory Analysis of the Intellectual Structure of Cyberspace
Article 3: Authoritative Sources in a Hyperlinked Environment
Article 4: ParaSite: Mining Structural Information on the Web
Conclusion

3. History Term introduced by Pritchard in 1969.
Pritchard’s explanation: “the application of mathematical and statistical methods to books and other media of communication”.

4. A1: Bibliometrics and the World Wide Web
By Don Turnbull
Bibliometrics
Bibliometric laws
Apply bibliometric to WWW
Metrics design

5. A1: Bibliometrics Classic citation analysis
Refined classic bibliometrics - Standard formula for impact: n journal citations / n citable articles published - Basic formula for immediacy index of influence: n citations received by article during the year / total number of citable articles published
Bibliometric Coupling
- Measure the number of references two papers have in common to test for similarity
Cocitation Analysis
- Measure the relations between cited documents
Common Errors
- multiple authors lost, self-citation, similar author names, human error, etc.

6. A1: Bibliometric Laws Bradford’s Law of Scattering Lotka’s Law
- clustering method: Ran (n from 0; a<1), sum = R/(1-a)
Lotka’s Law
- inverse square
Zipf’s Law
- familiar words with high frequency (nth word: k/n times)

7. A1: Applying Bibliometric to Web
Web surveys
- Georgia Tech Graphics, Visualization, and Usability Web Surveys
Web servers
Add programming logic
- Inaccurate data gathered: skip standard procedures, miss state information between usage hits, server hits themselves don’t represent true usage.

8. A1: Metrics Design
Configure Web server to gather comprehensive metrics
Manage log files
- Enhence reliability: regular backup, store log file analysis results and logs, begin new logs timely, post results and log information for comparasion.
- Log analysis tools: Analog, WWWStat, GetStats, Perl Scripts.
- Standardization: Extended Log File Format by WWW Consortium Standards Committee
Downie’s attempt analysis: user-based, request, byte-based
Optimal Web content setup & External bibliometric gathering

9. Analysis of 30G Web pages collected by Inktomi “Web Crawler”
A2: Bibliometrics of the World Wide Web: An Exploratory Analysis of the Intellectual Structure of Cyberspace
By Ray R. Larson
Analysis of 30G Web pages collected by Inktomi “Web Crawler”
Cocitation analysis using DEC AltaVista search engine

10. A2: Growth and Usage of Web
WWW

11. A2: Cocitation Analysis of Web
Attempt: Map the intellectual structure of Web
Question: Can cocitation techniques be applied to charting the contents of cyberspace?

12. A2: Methods Selection of core set of items for study
Retrieval of cocitation frequency information
Compilation of the raw cocitation frequency matrix
Correlation analysis to convert the raw frequencies into correlation coefficients
Multivariate analysis of the correlation matrix
Interpretation of the resulting “map” and validation

13. A2: Results

14. A3: Authoritative Sources in a Hyperlinked Environment
By Jon M. Kleinberg
A new method for automatically extracting certain types of information about a hypermedia environment from its link structure.

15. A3: Goal Types of query search and problem
- Specific queries: scarcity problem
- Broad-topic queries: abundance problem
- Similar-page queries
Synthesize the unreliable information contained in the presence of individual links to provide a set of authoritative pages relevant to an initial query.

16. A3: Common Approaches Only S S -> T
- Define S to be the top k pages indexed by AltaVista
- Rank pages according to their in-degree
S -> T
- Define same root set S
- Grow S to a larger base set T
- Rank pages by their in-degree

17. A3: Their Approach
Extract small core sets of community of hubs and authorities from T
Authoritative pages
- A novel type of quality measure of the document in hypermedia by algorithmic means.
- Large in-degree & considerable overlap in sets of pages that point to them
Hub Pages
- have links to multiple relevant authoritative pages

18. A3: Algorithm and Output
Method: Iteratively propagates “authority weight” and “hub weight” across links of the web graph, converging simultaneously to steady states for both types of weights
Output: a pair of sets (X, Y) (X: a small set of authorities, Y: a small set of hubs) referred by authors as community of hubs and authorities
Claim: authoritative pages can be identified as belonging to dense bipartite communities in the link graph of the WWW via their algorithm.

19. A4: ParaSite: Mining Structural Information on the Web
By Ellen Spertus
Varieties of link information on the Web
How the web differs from conventional hypertext
How the links can be exploited to build useful applications

20. A4: Classical Hypertext vs. Web
- links don’t cross site even document boundaries
- documents limited to a single topic
- manual answers each question in exactly one place or in none
- Hardly change
Web
- links can cross site and document boundaries
- multiple topics permitted in one web page
- an answer could appear any number of times on the web
- constantly changing

21. A4: Mining Links Naïve Link Geometry Hypertext Links example
- A useful technique for finding pages on a given set of topics
Hypertext Links example
- Categorized into upward, downward, crosswise, and outward
Directory Links
- Directory structure relation in pages in the absence of hypertext links
Structure within a Page
- Page can be considered a tree of nodes, each with attached text and links embedded in the text
Other
- Domain names, relationships between concepts represented by words and phrases, paths traveled through Web sites by visitors

22. A4: Application Finding Moved Pages Finding Related Pages
- Exploiting hyperlinks
- Exploiting directory links
Finding Related Pages
- Collaborative filtering
- When searching for a related page with similar pages got, ParaSite can find the page (A) that has maximum links to the pages user got and return other pages referneced by A.
A Person Finder

23. Conclusion
World Wide Web information increase exponentially and Internet architecture turns to be more complicated. Applying bibliometrics to the Web will help us control and manage web information wisely.

24. Example of Hypertext Link
Back to hypertext link