3. Do Now
Explain Burgoyne’s plan
Make sure to include all the British/American Generals involved.

5. Washington Howe

6. 34,000 troops 10,000 sailors Had ships 20,000 troops No navy
1,400 killed, wounded or captured
34,000 troops
10,000 sailors
Had ships

7. Washington led his troops down to New York in anticipation of British
Battle of Long Island
Washington led his troops down to New York in anticipation of British
In August, Howe’s army landed on Long Island

8. British forces caused Washington’s troop to retreat to Manhattan and then in November across Hudson River through New Jersey toward Pennsylvania

9. Nathan Hale

10. Nathan Hale Washington used many spies to find out where the enemy was
Nathan Hale is a 21 year old Connecticut officer
He hides maps and other information in his shoes

11. He gets caught
He does not get a trial.
General Howe orders Hale hanged on Sept. 21, 1776
He declared what by legend says “I only regret that I have one life to give for my country”

12. Nathan Hale

13. Battle of Trenton
As almost a final resort, George Washington decides to cross Delaware River from Pennsylvania on December 25, 1776.

14. He leads them across treacherous icy river and surprises weary Hessian troops

15. Washington v. Colonel Rahl

16. They capture/kill most of the Hessians
2400 troops
They capture/kill most of the Hessians
Capture weapons
1200 Hessian troops (German mercenaries)

17. Surrender

18. Battle of Princeton

19. Washington Cornwallis

20. Battle of Princeton
British General Lord Charles Cornwallis hears about Battle of Trenton and tries to capture Washington

21. He sees the fires of Washington’s troops burning and says “At last, we have run down the old fox…and we shall bag him in the morning.”

22. Little did he know…Washington had moved his troops.
They doubled back and attacked British and won!

23. From there he moved to Morristown for the winter

24. British General John Burgoyne’s plan

25. The British Plan
Because the British were having a hard time beating the rebels…Burgoyne devised a plan in early 1777…Isolate New England..and the war would be over

26. The Plan..
March on Albany, New York from 3 directions. This would cut off supplies and soldiers from New England.
His plan called for General Howe to come from New York City.

27. The King had other ideas
He wanted Howe to get Philadelphia first.
In July 1777, he sailed to Chesapeake Bay and marched to Philadelphia.

28. Howe captured Philadelphia after defeating the Americans at Brandywine and Germantown
Rather than going to Albany, he spent the winter in Philadelphia
Washington’s troops spent winter in Valley Forge

29. Benedict Arnold
Benedict Arnold stops another British army under the command of St. Leger at Fort Stanwix.
This leaves only Burgoyne’s army to go to march on Albany

30. The British were slowed down because they were trying to move heavy baggage carts through the woods and Patriots cut down trees and dammed up streams to block the route.

31. British recapture Fort Ticonderoga
But then….remember the Green Mountain Boys?

32. Battle of Saratoga

33. Battle of Saratoga Green Mountain Boys rushed in from Vermont.
The Americans (Gates, Arnold) surrounded the British
Burgoyne surrendered on October 17, 1777

34. What Battle did for U.S.
Was a major turning point in war
Ended British threat to New England
Convinced France to become an ally---Groups that work together to achieve common goal.

35. Other countries like Prussia helped train the army.
Two Polish officers helped build forts and trained the cavalry troops on horseback

36. Valley Forge

37. Valley Forge Winter of 1777-1778 was long and extremely cold
Soldiers suffered from frostbite and disease. They had no shoes.

38. They got through that winter and they knew that their darkest hour was done.