1. and Scientific Literacy
Lesson 1: Visual Aid 1
Project 2061
and Scientific Literacy
Goal: Science, math
and technology literacy for all Americans
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

2. Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

3. of Cognitive Development
Lesson 2: Visual Aid 1
Piaget’s Stages
of Cognitive Development
� Sensorimotor Stage (birth – 2)
� Preoperational Stage (2 – 7)
� Concrete Operational Stage (7 – 11)
� Formal Operational Stage (11 – adult)
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

4. Characteristics of the Preoperational Stage
Lesson 2: Visual Aid 2
Characteristics of the Preoperational Stage
� Egocentric thoughts and behavior
� Tendency to take all words and conversations literally
� Understand the world through experiences rather than through what they are told
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

5. Children strive to understand
Lesson 2: Visual Aid 3
Arkansas CDELS Science and Technology
Children strive to understand
"the great mystery into which they are born" by observing the world around them and by experimenting.
Arkansas CDELS, 2016, p68
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

6. Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

7. Figure 2-1 in Worms, Shadows and Whirlpools- pg 19
Lesson 3: Visual Aid 2
Figure 2-1 in Worms, Shadows and Whirlpools- pg 19
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

8. Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

9. Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

10. Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

11. Tools and Collections Lesson 4: Visual Aid 2
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

12. Science Displays Lesson 4: Visual Aid 3
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

13. Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

14. An experience for children in which specific
Lesson 4: Visual Aid 5
Learning Activity
An experience for children in which specific
skills and concepts are targeted through games, adult-guided large-and small-group activities or child-initiated activities. Learning activities are usually short in duration.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

15. Piaget’s Conservation Task
Lesson 5: Visual Aid 1
Piaget’s Conservation Task
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

16. Piaget’s Conservation Task
Lesson 5: Visual Aid 2
Piaget’s Conservation Task
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

17. NCTM Focal Point Children develop an
Lesson 5: Visual Aid 3
NCTM Focal Point
Children develop an
understanding of the meanings of whole numbers and recognize the number of objects in small groups without counting and by counting.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

18. Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

19. Understanding that the last number
Lesson 5: Visual Aid 5
Cardinality
Understanding that the last number
counted in a collection of objects represents how many objects are in that collection.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

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22. Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

23. Growing Patterns Lesson 5: Visual Aid 9
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

24. Numbers in Scientific Investigations
Lesson 5: Visual Aid 10
Numbers in Scientific Investigations
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

25. Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

26. them in meeting their needs…”
Lesson 6: Visual Aid 2
“As children observe plants and animals closely, they can begin to think and talk about how the parts of plants and animals are useful to
them in meeting their needs…”
(Worth and Grollman, 2003, p. 26)
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

27. Characteristics in Nature
Lesson 6: Visual Aid 3
Characteristics in Nature
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

28. Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

29. Lesson 6: Visual Aid 5
“Young children have likely heard many stories in which animals behave as people do.
Children are also still quite egocentric. As a result, they are likely to attribute intentionality to animal behavior that is like their own.”
Worth and Grollman, 2003, p. 27
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

30. Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

31. Lesson 7: Visual Aid 2
Spatial Relations
For young children good spatial relations skills often develop with physical activities
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

32. Map Example Lesson 7: Visual Aid 3
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

33. Five Steps of Comprehending Measurement
Lesson 7: Visual Aid 4
Five Steps of Comprehending Measurement
Children recognize that objects have measurable properties
Children make comparisons
Children determine an appropriate unit and process for measuring
Children use standard units of measurement
Children create and use formulas to count units
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

34. Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

35. dimensions of a surface defined by borders.
Lesson 7: Visual Aid 6
Area Measurement
The total of two
dimensions of a surface defined by borders.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

36. The maximum amount a container can hold Capacity Measurement
Lesson 7: Visual Aid 7
Capacity Measurement
The maximum amount a
container can hold
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

37. of the force of gravity on an object
Lesson 7: Visual Aid 8
Weight Measurement
The measurement
of the force of gravity on an object
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

38. Weather Data Lesson 8: Visual Aid
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

39. Children Using Investigation Skills
Lesson 9: Visual Aid 1a
Children Using Investigation Skills
Looking at books about dogs to gather information as part of a dog project.
Observing and making a representational drawing of a cat as part of a pet project.
Observing and making a representational drawing of the cab of a truck as part of a truck project.
Collecting and comparing leaves as part of a leaf project.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

40. Children Using Investigation Skills
Lesson 9: Visual Aid 1b
Children Using Investigation Skills
Observing a chicken coop as part of a chicken project.
Measuring and comparing dog biscuits as part of a dog project.
Making a representational drawing in the cab
of a truck as part of a truck project.
Observing and drawing a dog as part of a dog project.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

41. Children Using Investigation Skills
Lesson 9: Visual Aid 1c
Children Using Investigation Skills
Observing corn as part of a corn project.
Measuring a stump as part of a tree project.
Measuring the circumference of a wheel with Unifix® cubesas part of a truck project. Yarn was used to measure the wheel.
Observing a fire truck as part of a fire truck project.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

42. Children Using Investigation Skills
Lesson 9: Visual Aid 1d
Children Using Investigation Skills
Observing and making representational paintings of a chicken as part of chicken project.
Observing feathers as part of a bird project.
Observing and making representational drawings of bulbs as part of a plant project.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

43. Representation Examples
Lesson 10: Visual Aid 1a
Representation Examples
Chart of egg, oil, and water mixing as part of a cooking project.
Tally marks used to chart favorite smells as part of a
cooking project.
Tally marks of which tool moved the most water as part of a water project.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

44. Representation Examples, continued
Lesson 10: Visual Aid 1b
Representation Examples, continued
Tally marks of favorite smells as part of a cooking project.
Making a model of a tree as part of a tree project.
Dramatic play as part of a bakery project.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

45. Representation Examples, continued
Lesson 10: Visual Aid 1c
Representation Examples, continued
Sign saying “vet” as part of a pet project.
Venn diagram comparing two dogs as part of a dog project.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

46. Representation Examples, continued
Lesson 10: Visual Aid 1d
Representation Examples, continued
Writing about caterpillars as part of a bug project.
Model of a dog and cat house as part of a pet project.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

47. Lesson 10: Visual Aid 2
The Bone Project
This is a display of project on bones done by a kindergarten class in Mexico City, Mexico. It appears to be set up in a gym or multi-purpose room and features photographs, bone drawings by the children and a model of an X-ray machine.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

48. Lesson 10: Visual Aid 3
The Apple Project
This is part of a display of a project on apples done by a Pre-K class in Ohio. It features a photo panel and 3-D models of apples made by the children.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

49. Lesson 10: Visual Aid 4
The House Project
This display, set up in the display cases of a school in Decatur, Illinois, was done by a Pre-K class. The display features photos, drawings, collections of child-dictated
writing samples related to the topic of houses and 3-D representations.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

50. It features labeled paintings of musical instruments.
Lesson 10: Visual Aid 5
The Music Project
This is part of a display of a project on music done by a Pre-K class in DeSoto, Illinois.
It features labeled paintings of musical instruments.
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

51. One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish…NEW Fish: A Preschool Fish Project
Lesson 10: Visual Aid 6
One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish…NEW Fish:
A Preschool Fish Project
By Scott Brouette
Western Illinois University Preschool Center
Macomb, Illinois
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

52. The Birds and Their Nests Project
Lesson 10: Visual Aid 7
The Birds and Their Nests Project
by Liliana Elizonda and Lilian Valencia
South Dade Child Care Center Homestead, Florida
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual

53. Alicia Lindhorst and Beth Flick Akin PreKindergarten
Lesson 10: Visual Aid 8
Cracks and Holes
Alicia Lindhorst and Beth Flick Akin PreKindergarten
Southern Region Early Childhood Program
Franklin County, Illinois
Pre-K Math and Science Instructor Manual