1. Organized based on commonalities in the muscle groups.
Anterior Muscles
Organized based on commonalities in the muscle groups.

2. Internal Oblique Rectus Abdominis External Oblique
Origin: Crest of Pubis
Insertion: Cartilage of 5-7 Ribs and Xiphoid Process
Action: Posterior Pelvic Rotation
External Oblique
Origin: Border of lower 8 ribs at side of chest
Insertion: Aponeuroses from Linea Alba to Iliac Crest
Action: Contralateral Rotation of the Spine
Internal Oblique
Origin: Anterior 2/3 of the crest of the Ilium
Insertion: Costal Cartilage of the 8-10th Ribs and Linea Alba
Action: Ipsilateral Rotation of the Spine
Transverse Abdominis
Origin: Inner rim of the iliac crest, and inner surface of the costal cartilages of the lower 6 ribs
Insertion: Crest of Pubis and Linea Alba
Action: Forces Expiration
Rectus Abdominis, External Oblique, & Internal Oblique:
All share these actions:
Lumbar/Spinal Flexion
Internal Oblique is Specific to Lumbar Flexion
Lateral Flexion (of spine both sides)
All 4 Share a Similar Innervation:
Intercostal nerves (T5-T12)
Except: Rectus Abdominis has a different Nerve Root level of T7-T12

3. Rectus Abdominis Internal Oblique External Oblique
Transverse Abdominis

4. Sternocleidomastoid & Scalenes: Actions:
Neck Flexion & Contralateral Rotation of the Head
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Clavicular head – Sternal End of Clavicle Sternal Head – Manubrium
Insertion: Mastoid Process
Innervation: CN XI & (C2-C3)
Scalenes (Anterior, Middle, Posterior)
Origin: Transverse and costal processes C2-C7
Insertion: Superior surface of First 2 Ribs (Anterior goes to first Middle & Posterior go to second)
Actions: Lateral Flexion & Elevates Ribs
Innervation: Cervical Spinal Nerves

5. Scalenes: Anterior, Middle, & Posterior
Sternocleidomastoid

6. Subclavius & Pectoralis Minor: Actions: Depression & Protraction
Origin: 1st Rib
Insertion: Clavicle (Inferior Border)
Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve (C5-C7)
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: Ribs 3-5
Insertion: Coracoid Process
Actions: Elevates Ribs & Downward Rotation
Innervation: Medial Pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
Subclavius & Pectoralis Minor:
Actions: Depression & Protraction

7. Subclavius
Pectoralis Minor

8. Pectoralis Major & Anterior Deltoid:
Origin: Ribs 2-6, Sternum, Infero-Medial Portion of Clavicle
Insertion: Greater Tubercle & Lateral Lip of Bicipital Groove of Humerus
Action: Adduction of Humerus
Innervation: Pectoral Nerve (C5-T1)
Anterior Deltoid
Origin: Clavicle & Scapula
Insertion: Deltoid Tuberosity of the Humerus
Action: Abduction of Humerus
Innervation: Axillary nerve (C8-T1)
Pectoralis Major & Anterior Deltoid:
Actions: Flexion of Humerus & Internal Rotation of the Humerus

9. Anterior Deltoid
Pectoralis Major

10. Brachialis, Coracobrachialis, & Biceps Brachii:
Origin: Coracoid Process
Insertion: Medial Margin of Shaft of Humerus
Actions: Flexion of Shoulder & Adduction for Humerus
Biceps Brachii (Long Head & Short Head)
Origin: Short Head- Coracoid Process Long Head- Supraglenoid Tubercle
Insertion: Radial Tuberosity
Actions: Long Head-Flexion of Shoulder & Elbow Short Head- Elbow Flexion
Brachialis
Origin: Anterior & Distal Portion of Humerus
Insertion: Ulnar Tuberosity
Action: Elbow Flexion
Brachialis, Coracobrachialis, & Biceps Brachii:
Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-C7)
*Except: Brachialis- Also Radial nerve (C5-C8)

11. (Long Head & Short Head)
Biceps Brachii
(Long Head & Short Head)
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

12. Pronator Quadratus & Pronator Teres:
Origin: Antero-Medial Surface of Distal Ulna
Insertion: Antero-Lateral Surface of Distal Radius
Pronator Teres
Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus & Coronoid Process of Ulna
Insertion: Middle of Lateral Surface of Radius
Action: Elbow Flexion
Pronator Quadratus & Pronator Teres:
Action: Pronation of the Forearm
Innervation: Median nerve (C8-T1)

13. Pronator Quadratus
Pronator Teres

14. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus
Insertion: Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Actions: Flexion of Wrist & Abduction of Wrist (Radial Deviation)
Innervation: Median nerve (C-6-C7)
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Insertion: Pisiform Bone, Hamate Bone and Base of 5th Metacarpal
Actions: Flexion of Wrist & Adduction of Wrist (Ulnar Deviation)
Innervation: Ulnar nerve (C-8 -T1)
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Insertion: Mid-portion of Middle Phalanges of Digits 2-5
Actions: Flexion of Wrist & Flexion of Digits 2-5
Innervation: Median nerve (C-8-T1)
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin: Postero-medial Surface of Ulna & Interosseous Membrane
Insertion: Bases of Distal Phalanges of Digits 2-5
Innervation: Anterior Interosseous Nerve & Ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
Palmaris Longus
Insertion: Palmar Aponeurosis and Flexor Retinaculum
Action: Flexion of Wrist
Innervation: Median nerve (C-8-T1)
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Origin: Anterior shaft of Radius & Interosseous Membrane
Insertion: Base of Distal Phalanx of Thumb
Action: Flexion of Wrist & Flexion of Thumb & Abduction of Wrist (Radial Deviation)
Innervation: Anterior Interosseous Nerve (C-8-T1)

16. Femoral Adductors Pectineus Origin: Superior Ramus of Pubis
Insertion: Pectineal Line
Actions: Flexion of Hip & Internal Rotation of the Femur
Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)
Adductor Brevis
Origin: Inferior Ramus of Pubis
Insertion: Linea Aspera of Femur
Action: Flexion of Hip
Innervation: Obturator Nerve (L3-L4)
Adductor Longus
Innervation: Obturator Nerve (L3-L4)
Adductor Magnus
Origin: Inferior Ramus of Pubis & Ischial Tuberosity
Insertion: Linea Aspera of Femur & Adductor Tubercle
Innervation: Obturator Nerve & Sciatic Nerves
Gracilis
Insertion: Inferior to Medial Condyle of Tibia
Action: Flexion of the Hip & Knee & Internal Rotation of the Femur
Femoral Adductors

18. Piriformis Origin: Anterolateral Surface of the Sacrum
Insertion: Greater Trochanter
Actions: External Rotation of Femur & Abduction of the Femur
Innervation: Sacral nerve (S1-S2)
Piriformis

19. Iliopsoas (Iliacus)& (Psoas Major)
Origin: Iiacus - Iliac fossa Psoas - Transverse processes of (T12-L5)
Insertion: Lesser Trochanter
Action: Flexion at Hip
Innervation: Iliacus - Femoral nerve (L2-L4) Psoas - Lumbar Plexus (L2-L3)
Iliopsoas (Iliacus)& (Psoas Major)

20. Sartorius Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
Insertion: Antero-Medial Surface of Tibia
Actions: Flexion at Knee & Hip & External Rotation of the Femur
Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)
Sartorius

21. Vastus Medialis Obliquus
Rectus Femoris
Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)
Action: Flexion of Hip
Vastus Intermedius
Origin: Anterolateral Surface of Femur & Distal Half of the Linea Aspera
Vastus Lateralis
Origin: Inferior to Greater Trochanter & Proximal Half of Linea Aspera
Vastus Medialis Obliquus
Origin: Linea Aspera
All of the Quadriceps
Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity via Quadriceps Tendon or Patellar Tendon
Action: Extension of the Knee
Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

22. Anterior Muscles of the Lower Leg
Tibialis Anterior
Origin: Lateral Condyle of Tibia
Insertion: Base of 1st Metatarsal and Middle (2nd) Cuneiform
Actions: Dorsiflexion & Inversion
Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve (L4-S1)
Extensor Halicus Longus
Origin: Anterior Surface of Fibula
Insertion: Dorsal Surface of Distal Phalanx of Great Toe
Actions: Halicus Extension, Dorsiflexion, & Inversion
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin: Lateral Condyle of Tibia & Anterior Surface of Fibula
Insertion: Dorsal Surfaces of Phalanges 2-5
Actions: Toe Extension, Dorsiflexion, & Eversion