1. ENERGY STAR® Focusing on Energy Efficiency for the Drinking Water and Wastewater Industries
Caterina (Katy) Hatcher
ENERGY STAR National Manager, Public Sector
US EPA
WEFTEC 2007

2. ENERGY STAR Voluntary government program
Promotes strategic energy management and measures energy and environmental performance
emphasis on:
strong energy management
using benchmarks for gauging improvement
use of available technology now
learning from each other - efficiency forum

3. Meet the ENERGY STAR Challenge
What is the Challenge?
EPA, through ENERGY STAR, is challenging organizations to improve building and plant energy efficiency by 10% or more
The Challenge Promotes Three Important Actions:
Determine how much energy plants/buildings are using
Establish efficiency improvement goals
Make improvements
The buildings in which we work, shop, and educate our children use about $80 billion worth of electricity and natural gas each year. These buildings use much of their energy at peak times, helping drive the need for new power generation and more natural gas*. They also contribute about 20% of our national emissions of greenhouse gases.
It is time to make these buildings part of the energy efficiency solution – and help build a better world. EPA, in partnership with business and community leaders, is challenging building owners across the country to improve the efficiency of their buildings by 10% or more. EPA estimates that if each building owner took on this challenge, by 2015 Americans would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 20 MMTCE, equivalent to the emissions from 15 million vehicles, all while saving about $10 billion. Leaders across the country already are showing that energy use in buildings can be reduced by 10%, 20%, 30% and even more with proven practices and technologies that pay off financially and for our environment.

4. Organizations Can Get Involved
Join/Take Challenge
Measure and Verify energy use
Portfolio Manager
National rating
Compare groups/sharing feature
Track improvement over a normalized baseline
Prioritize investments
Ratings provided, but Label not yet being awarded for wastewater treatment plants
Reduce energy across portfolio
ENERGY STAR Guidelines for Energy Management

5. ENERGY STAR & Strategic Energy Management
Approach based on the successful energy management practices of thousands of commercial and industrial organizations

6. Goals for the ENERGY STAR Water and Wastewater Focus
Create momentum for continued improvement of energy efficiency
Identify and tackle barriers to energy efficiency in both industries
Provide tools and resources to enhance energy performance
Uncover new energy saving opportunities
Encourage networking about EE/RE best practices

7. ENERGY STAR Water & Wastewater Focus
EPA’s ENERGY STAR Focus Support Team
Cadmus Group – Overall support
Catalyst Financial Group – financing solutions
LBNL – ENERGY STAR Energy Guides
EPA – benchmark development support
Ted Jones - Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE)
Special Focus Participants
EPA Office of Water and Regional Offices - R1
Linda Reekie, AwwaRF
Steve Carlson, CHD Energy supporting the AwwaRF Water and Wastewater Utility Energy Index
Many others …

8. Components of a Focus Development of program tools and resources:
Energy performance rating/benchmarking system for each industry that is normalized for variable – weather, plant/system characteristics, etc. (wastewater Oct 2007, drinking water TBD)
ENERGY STAR Guides - technical energy efficiency opportunities assessment report for water and wastewater utility managers (public drafts in review this Fall)
Financing solutions (primer and on-line training Fall 2007)
Recognition opportunities (being developed)
Energy efficiency discussions (ongoing)

9. Benchmarking
Expanding EPA’s Energy Performance Rating System for use by water and wastewater utilities to rate energy performance
Accessed on-line - Portfolio Manager
Engine(s) behind the rating system
AwwaRF Project - National Survey Data
Regression Analysis

10. Definition and Data Needed
Wastewater Treatment Plant
A wastewater treatment plant - facility designed to treat municipal wastewater. The level of treatment at a plant will vary based on the BOD limits and the specific processes involved. Used for primary, secondary, and advanced treatment facilities with or without nutrient removal. Treatment processes may include biological, chemical, and physical treatment. This space type is best applied to wastewater treatment facilities of 150 MGD or smaller. This space type does not apply to water treatment and distribution facilities.
The following information is required for wastewater treatment facilities:
Zip code
Average influent flow
Average influent biological oxygen demand
Average effluent biological oxygen demand
Plant design flow rate
Presence of fixed film trickle filtration process
Presence of nutrient removal process removal process

11. Portfolio Manager: Facility Summary View11

12. Carbon Emissions Portfolio Manager can now help organizations:
Compare carbon emissions within region and across US
Measure emissions reductions
Carbon Emissions Factors for Electricity (indirect emissions):
eGRID - EPA’s Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database
Consistent with factors used by major greenhouse gas reporting protocols - World Resources Institute/World Business Council for Sustainable Development Greenhouse Gas Protocol
Carbon Emissions from Other Fuels (direct emissions):
National factors - currently being updated
This consistency makes it easier for organizations to quantify their carbon inventories and provides a transparent corporate accounting, inventory, and reporting method.

13. On-site Energy Generation
You can enter any metered data in Portfolio Manager; however…
Need to decide whether to “add meter to total energy use” for Rating
Only energy that crosses the curb and enters the facility should be included in the ENERGY STAR Rating
Example - CHP system with a gas turbine cycle that produces steam through a heat recovery steam generator and this steam is used in a thermal loop to provide space heating
Fuel being processed in the gas turbine cycle (i.e. natural gas) should be included
Steam that is generated should not be included
Example - CHP system consumes natural gas and produces on-site electricity.
Natural gas should be included in your total facility energy use
Electrical consumption should not
Example - On-site renewable electric source (digester biogas, wind, solar)
No energy crosses the curb, so no meter should be included in the total
How do you enter steam generation from a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) from cogeneration?ﾊAnswerﾊOn-Site energy generation is treated ﾒfrom the perspective of the curbﾓ.ﾊ In other words, only energy that crosses the curb and enters the facility should be included.ﾊ When energy is generated on-site, the fuel that is being consumed (crosses the curb into the facility), should be added to your total, but the energy that is generated on-site should not.ﾊ For every meter you enter, the tool will ask you ﾒAdd this meter to the total facility energy use?ﾓﾊ For any fuel that crosses the curb and enters your facility from off site, the answer to this question is ﾒYesﾓ; for any energy generated on-site, the answer to this question is ﾒNoﾓ.ﾊ Although the power generated on-site is not included in your total facility energy use for the rating, monitoring its use is sound energy management and will help you increase your efficiency.ﾊﾊﾊIn an example application, a CHP system employs a gas turbine cycle that produces steam through a heat recovery steam generator and this steam is used in a thermal loop to provide space heating.ﾊ In this example, the fuel being processed in the gas turbine cycle (i.e. natural gas) should be included in the total facility energy use while the steam that is generated should not.ﾊﾊIn an equivalent example, a CHP system consumes natural gas and produces on-site electricity.ﾊ Here, the natural gas should be included in your total facility energy use, but the electrical consumption should not.ﾊﾊFinally, if your facility is using an on-site renewable electric source, we encourage you to monitor the electrical consumption.ﾊ However, when you enter this meter into the tool, you should also select ﾒNoﾓ to ﾒAdd this meter to the total facility energy useﾓ.ﾊ In this case, renewable energy consumption is not included in your total because no energy flows across the curb.

14. ENERGY STAR Energy Guides
Summarizes available knowledge on energy use and energy efficiency in a particular sector
Provides information on energy-efficient practices and technologies that are commercially available
Includes characteristics like costs, benefits, energy savings
Includes practical experiences of their use and application
Based on assessment of proven energy-efficient practices in the U.S. and internationally
Opportunities that can be used now
Energy Guides are for operators at plants and energy managers, made with operators and experts

15. Water and Wastewater Focus
ENERGY STAR
Water and Wastewater Focus
Contacts:
Katy Hatcher, EPA ENERGY STAR
(202)

16. ENERGY STAR Energy Guides
Audience:
targeting medium to large utilities
Within the utilities, for plant or system operators and energy managers
Function of Energy Guides:
identify opportunities
preliminarily evaluate opportunities
serve as a checklist for its users
improve efficiency of energy management
reduce information barriers
learn from experiences
… save energy, money and the environment…

17. Energy performance gap
Example - Office Buildings 1
Worst Performers
Best Performers
Number of Buildings 25 50 75
100
EPA Rating &
Energy Intensity
(kBtu/ft2-year)
121.1
29.9
165.7
86.0
339.4
Normalized EUI for existing office buildings varies widely
30 kbtu/ft2 to 340 kBtu/ft2
Age and equipment not significant drivers of EUI
One startling thing about this distribution is the wide variation of energy use/sq. ft. that a building can use. And this data has been adjusted to account for energy use differences that result from weather/climate, the hours of operation and plug loads.
Because this is a normalized distribution, you won’t find that the top performers use little energy because they are in a mild climate and open for few hours. Likewise, the long tail doesn’t represents those hard working lawyers in Florida who need their A/C and computers 24 hours a day.
But the actual data tells us something counter intuitive. Age of the building and the presence of efficient technologies are not significant predictors of energy use.
As many new buildings and good technologies are among the top as they are in the bottom.
What this signals to us- is there is a tremendous amount of waste in the market and that efficient technologies might not be performing as simulated.