1. Isaiah Chapter 36 The Book of
Narrative (parallels 2 Kings 18:9-21:16). The historical material in these chapters concerns two events which are foundational to a proper understanding of Isaiah's theology and Judah's history. The first event (chaps ) concerns the Assyrian threat which God miraculously dissipated. This event climaxes Isaiah's argument in chapters In those chapters he had argued that God brought the Assyrians into Judah as a punishment for Judah's sins and as a catalyst to turn them back to Him. However, he had prophesied that Jerusalem would not fall to the Assyrians and that God would miraculously destroy the Assyrian army because of their pride.
The second event (chaps ) concerned Hezekiah's breach of the covenant when he was delivered by God from death but then allowed pride to enter his heart. This event serves as a foundation for chapters which speak of the deliverance from the Babylonian Captivity prophesied in 39:5-8

2. Isaiah – Chapter 36:1-2
1Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, that Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the defenced cities of Judah, and took them. 2And the king of Assyria sent Rabshakeh from Lachish to Jerusalem unto king Hezekiah with a great army. And he stood by the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fuller’s field.
[fourteenth year] This was eight years after Samaria had been destroyed and the ten tribes taken into Assyrian captivity (2Ki. 17; 18:10).
This attack occurred in 701 b.c.
“Rabshakeh” - not a name, but a title of the chief officer under the king of Assyria, sent to intimidate and request surrender from Judah.
This was the same place Isaiah stood with Ahaz about 28 years before (Isa. 7:3).

3. Isaiah – Chapter 36:3-4
3Then came forth unto him Eliakim, Hilkiah’s son, which was over the house, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, Asaph’s son, the recorder. 4And Rabshakeh said unto them, Say ye now to Hezekiah, Thus saith the great king, the king of Assyria, What confidence is this wherein thou trustest? 
Eliakim and Shebna were sent out of the city to meet with the Assyrians.
[great king] This was the customary title of the kings of the Assyrians and Persians.
Rab-shakeh arrogantly expresses surprise that Hezekiah would even dare resist, and he wants to know about the secret weapon in which Hezekiah trusts. He suggests first of all that it might be Egypt.
In this sense, Rabshakeh is speaking the truth! God wanted Judah to have no confidence in Egypt at all. But Rabshakeh isn’t doing it to bring Judah to a firm trust in the LORD God, who can and will deliver them from the Assyrians. He does it to completely demoralize Judah and drive them to despair.
Satan attacks us the same way! Often, even when he tells the truth. Satan’s strategy - even if he tells us the truth - is always to demoralize us and drive us to despair.

4. Isaiah – Chapter 36:5-6
5I say, sayest thou, (but they are but vain words) I have counsel and strength for war: now on whom dost thou trust, that thou rebellest against me? 6Lo, thou trustest in the staff of this broken reed, on Egypt; whereon if a man lean, it will go into his hand, and pierce it: so is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all that trust in him.
Hezekiah had rebelled against the king of Assyria by refusing to pay the tribute imposed upon Judah in the days of Ahaz (2Ki. 18:7).
Hezekiah put great trust in Pharaoh's promise to help Israel against the Assyrians, but promises are only as good as the credibility of the person making them. It was Pharaoh's word against God's. How quickly we seek human advice when dealing with our problems while we neglect God's eternal promises.
You are trusting in the staff of this broken reed, Egypt: Strangely, Rabshakeh could see the truth of Egypt’s weakness better than many of the leaders of Judah could!

5. Isaiah – Chapter 36:7
7But if thou say to me, We trust in the LORD our God: is it not he, whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah hath taken away, and said to Judah and to Jerusalem, Ye shall worship before this altar? 
The Assyrian king's chief of staff claimed that Hezekiah had insulted God by tearing down his altars and making the people worship only in Jerusalem. But Hezekiah's reform sought to eliminate idol worship (which occurred mainly on high hills) so that the people worshiped only the true God. Either the Assyrians didn't know about the religion of the true God, or they wanted to deceive the people into thinking they had angered a powerful god.
In the same way, Satan tries to confuse or deceive us. People don't necessarily need to be sinful to be ineffective for God; they need only be confused about what God wants. To avoid Satan's deceit, study God's Word carefully and regularly. When you know what God says, you will not fall for Satan's lies.

6. Isaiah – Chapter 36:8
 8Now therefore give pledges, I pray thee, to my master the king of Assyria, and I will give thee two thousand horses, if thou be able on thy part to set riders upon them.
Give a pledge to my master the king of Assyria: This reminds us of Rabshakeh’s whole strategy, which is to make Judah give up. This is the entire reason Rabshakeh is at the aqueduct, speaking to these leaders of Hezekiah’s government. He had the vastly superior armies; he could have just attacked Jerusalem without this little speech. But Rabshekah would prefer it if Judah would simply give up, out of fear, discouragement, or despair.
The enemy of our soul uses the exact same approach. Many of us picture Satan as “itching for a fight” with us. Really, Satan doesn’t want to do battle with you.

7. Isaiah – Chapter 36:9-10
9How then wilt thou turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master’s servants, and put thy trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen? 10And am I now come up without the LORD against this land to destroy it? the LORD said unto me, Go up against this land, and destroy it.
There was the slim possibility that Hezekiah was depending on his own resources and manpower to defend Jerusalem; so Rab-shakeh offers to make things just about equal by giving Hezekiah two thousand horses! He, of course, is ridiculing them.
He suggests that Jehovah of Israel has sent the Assyrian against Jerusalem and that He is therefore on the side of the Assyrian.
It is interesting to note that in World War I the Germans thought God was with them, and we thought God was on our side. I doubt seriously that God was on either side. In this particular case the true God used the Assyrian to destroy His people, but He is not going to let the enemy take Jerusalem.

8. Isaiah – Chapter 36:11
11Then said Eliakim and Shebna and Joah unto Rabshakeh, Speak, I pray thee, unto thy servants in the Syrian language; for we understand it: and speak not to us in the Jews’ language, in the ears of the people that are on the wall. 
Hezekiah's ambassadors pleaded with these pagans not to speak in the language of the Jews on the wall, lest their resistance be weakened. He was great at giving out propaganda; enemies always do that. He was yelling out his ideas at the top of his voice so that the soldiers on the wall would get the word to the people in Jerusalem; he wanted to get it past these emissaries. Of course, their protest only caused Rab-shakeh to talk a little louder.
The word Jew began to be used about this time to denote the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob through the 12 sons of Jacob. It was never used before Isaiah's time; the first use was in the reign of Ahaz, the father of Hezekiah (2Ki. 16:6).

9. Isaiah – Chapter 36:12
 12But Rabshakeh said, Hath my master sent me to thy master and to thee to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit upon the wall, that they may eat their own dung, and drink their own piss with you?
Rabshakeh wants the people to know that if they do not surrender they will be under siege. The strength of the wall was the main factor in a cities strength. A siege would seal a city for as long as it would take to starve out the people, the Romans would be prepared to camp around a city for YEARS!
When Rabshakeh says, “That they may eat their own refuse and drink their own water” he is being literal and graphic, as sieges are horrible times for the people, forcing them to turn to cannibalism for survival!
Isaiah wasn't responsible for the language here; he was simply the historian who recorded what Rabshakeh said (2Ki. 18:27). The same attitude must be taken toward similar passages in the Bible (1Sam. 25:22,34; 1Ki. 14:10; 16:11; 21:21; 2Ki. 9:8). Customs, habits, and modes of expression differ throughout the world; what may be offensive in one place may not be in another. Instead of using euphemisms for such passages, the translators chose to retain the original expressions.

10. Isaiah – Chapter 36:13-14
13Then Rabshakeh stood, and cried with a loud voice in the Jews’ language, and said, Hear ye the words of the great king, the king of Assyria. 14Thus saith the king, Let not Hezekiah deceive you: for he shall not be able to deliver you. 
Calling out to the people in Hebrew, the Assyrian commander urged them not to let Hezekiah deceive them into thinking the Lord would deliver them (vv ). Then the commander told the people that Sennacherib promised them prosperity in another land (vv ). Again the commander exhorted the people not to be deceived by Hezekiah (cf. vv ) for the gods of other nations had not been able to deliver them (vv ).
This appeal was to the people on the walls of Jerusalem, to weaken their resistance.

11. Isaiah – Chapter 36:15
15Neither let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, saying, The LORD will surely deliver us: this city shall not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria. 

12. Isaiah – Chapter 36:16
 16Hearken not to Hezekiah: for thus saith the king of Assyria, Make an agreement with me by a present, and come out to me: and eat ye every one of his vine, and every one of his fig tree, and drink ye every one the waters of his own cistern;

13. Isaiah – Chapter 36:17-18
17Until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of corn and wine, a land of bread and vineyards. 18Beware lest Hezekiah persuade you, saying, The LORD will deliver us. Hath any of the gods of the nations delivered his land out of the hand of the king of Assyria?
Rabshakeh’s speech was intended to destroy their trust in God. His message is simple, and cunning in its Satanic logic: “The gods of other nations have not been able to protect them against us. Your God is just like one of them, and can’t protect you either.”
For anyone who had the spiritual understanding to see it, Judah could have started planning the victory party right then. It is one thing to speak against Judah, its people and leaders. It was another thing all together to mock the LORD God of Israel this way, and count Him as “just another god.”

14. Isaiah – Chapter 36:19-20
19Where are the gods of Hamath and Arphad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim? and have they delivered Samaria out of my hand? 20Who are they among all the gods of these lands, that have delivered their land out of my hand, that the LORD should deliver Jerusalem out of my hand?
Arrogantly Rab-shakeh boasts that none of the gods of other people have delivered them. Why should the Israelites expect Jehovah to deliver Jerusalem? He placed Jehovah on a par with heathen idols. He was slandered, insulted, and thought to be as powerless as man-made images (Isa. 36:19-20). This is one of the reasons He took action against the Assyrians (Isa. 37:6-7,23-28).

15. Isaiah – Chapter 36:21-22
21But they held their peace, and answered him not a word: for the king’s commandment was, saying, Answer him not. 22Then came Eliakim, the son of Hilkiah, that was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph, the recorder, to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and told him the words of Rabshakeh.
Hezekiah’s men were well instructed, they were to receive Rabshakeh, but not respond to his words. The Jews on the wall held their peace, being under the command of Hezekiah.
They didn’t try to argue with Rabshakeh. Often, it is useless - if not dangerous - to try and match wits with this demonic logic. How much better to keep silent and trust God, instead of trying to win an argument!
“Silence is our best reply to the allegations and taunts of our foes. Be still, O persecuted soul! Hand over thy cause to God. It is useless to argue, even in many cases to give explanations. Be still, and commit thy cause to God.” (Meyer)
"Clothes" speak of the dignity and glory of man. The saying is that clothes make the man. Well, "clothes rent" indicates humiliation and shame. This is a dejected and discouraged delegation that brings to Hezekiah the message from the king of Assyria.

16. Isaiah – Chapter 36
End of Chapter 36
Though they were silent, they were still deeply affected by this attack. It didn’t just roll of their back as if it were nothing. They have the same experience Paul described in 2 Corinthians 4:8 to 2Co_9:2 We are hard pressed on every side, yet not crushed; we are perplexed, but not in despair; persecuted, but not forsaken; struck down, but not destroyed. Thing were hard, but the battle was not lost yet!