1. The Indus Valley Civilization

2. Geography of India

3. Indus Valley Civilization
Question #1 & #2
Indus Valley Civilization
Lasted from 3300 BCE BCE
About 2,000 years

4. Indus Valley Civilization
Question #3 & #4
Indus Valley Civilization
Located in modern-day Pakistan and India along the Indus River
Today, Pakistan has over 200 million people (very crowded)

5. Indus Valley Civilization
Question #5
At its peak, the civilization had a population of around 5 million
Geographically, the largest ancient civilization in the world (covered the most area)

6. Cities of the Indus Valley
Question #6
Over 1,000 cities and settlements have been discovered
Mohenjo-Daro – The most developed and sophisticated city of the Indus River
Harrapa – Had about 25,000 people (very large for its time)

7. Ancient ruins of Harrapa

8. Agriculture Farming along the Indus River led to a steady food source
Question #7
Agriculture
Farming along the Indus River led to a steady food source
Led to a surplus in agriculture
This led to the formation of cities
People domesticated crops to grow and farm animals
Peas, dates, and cotton

9. Advancements in Technology
Question #8
Cities used advanced engineering systems to create a water supply and sanitation systems
Created the world’s first flush toilets and sewer system
Created drainage systems to prevent flooding
City streets were based on a grid system

10. Harrapa Archaeologist discovered the city in 1921 in Pakistan
Question #9
Harrapa
Archaeologist discovered the city in 1921 in Pakistan
The town grew because of the harvesting of grains
A granary is a large building used for storing grain. One was located in the center of Harrapa
The granary was protected by a citadel, a large protective wall

11. Mohenjo-Daro Large city with advanced technology
Question #10
Large city with advanced technology
City divided into two parts:
Administrative (Downtown) :
Government and Religious Buildings
Lower City (Residential):
Houses where the people lived
Also had a granary and was protected by a citadel

12. Question #11
Mohenjo-Daro
Evidence suggests that Mohenjo-Daro suffered damage from major floods, caused by the Indus River
Created dams and drainage systems to prevent floods
They developed irrigation systems to get water to crops

13. Decline By 1900 BCE, the civilization began to decline
Question #12
By 1900 BCE, the civilization began to decline
Deforestation caused the fertile soil to turn to desert
Not enough food could be produced for the population, so people began to abandon the cities
In 1500 BCE, Mohenjo-Daro was raided and destroyed

14. Marking Property
Question #13
Seals were used to mark property, evidence of a written language
The people of the Indus Valley created their own seals to put on their property
Today we still use seals on important documents
State seal of North Carolina.
Esse Quam Videri: “To be rather than seem”

15. Make Your Own Seal
On the back of your interactive notes, create your own seal which you would use to mark your possessions
Include symbols that are important to you
This could be an animal, letters, logos and anything else that is special to you