1. MGMT 203 Aerodynamics from a Management Standpoint
Module 2

2. THIS DAY IN AVIATION September 6
1916 — First fragmentation bomb tested

3. THIS DAY IN AVIATION September 6
1921 — Martens in Germany makes a new gliding record with a motor-less plane, remaining aloft 15 minutes, 40 seconds.

4. THIS DAY IN AVIATION September 6
1938 — Seventeen U.S. Navy planes make mass flight from San Diego, California to Hawaii, 2,570 miles in 17 hours 21 minutes (Consolidated PBY, 2 Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp engines.)

5. Questions / Comments

6. Management of Aeronautical Science
Learning Objectives – Module 2 (9/5/17 – 9/15/17) Aerodynamics from a Management Standpoint
Upon successful completion of this module, you will be able to:
Locate the major components of an aircraft.
Demonstrate the two physics principles that affect flight – Newton’s Laws of Motion and Force and Bernoulli’s Principle of Pressure.
Describe how the four forces influence aircraft stability and flight maneuvers.

7. Management of Aeronautical Science
Learning Objectives – Module 2 (9/5/17 – 9/15/17) Aerodynamics from a Management Standpoint
Upon successful completion of this module, you will be able to:
Develop a working knowledge of aerodynamic terms.
Describe the aircraft design and certification requirements.
Examine Airworthiness Requirements (14 CFR), Type Certification Data Sheets, Airworthiness Directives, and Advisory Circulars
Explore management considerations such as the Minimum Equipment List (MEL), Deferred Maintenance Items (DMIs), and other management considerations.
Explore the methods used by management to improve fuel efficiency of aircraft.

8. Questions / Comments

9. Readings The Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge
Chapter 3 – Aircraft Construction
Chapter 4 – Principles of Flight
Chapter 5 – Aerodynamics of Flight
Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) - Please review 14 CFR Parts:
13, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 33, 35, 39, 61, and 121.
Textbook – Business and Corporate Aviation Management
Chapter 3 – Getting Started

10. Readings
The textbook will provide you with an excellent knowledge base for managing an aerospace company.
Please pay attention to the management areas because you will have a term paper assignment on managing a company or agency that will be due for module 8.
Chapter 3: Getting Started

11. Discussion: NBAA Business Aviation Works
Business aviation plays a vital role to companies, customers, economy, creating jobs, and provide another transportation opportunity for areas not supported by the airlines.
View the video.
Post a brief synopsis of the video and how it pertains to our MGMT 203 course.
What are some main points that you found interesting.
Describe key points could you use if you were a manager of a business or corporate flight department.
Your post should be a minimum of 300 words with at least, two sources cited.
Respond to at least one of your classmates.
Your responses to classmates should be at least 100 words

12. Module 2 Review Questions (Due Fri Sep 15)
Spend quality time responding to the following questions in your own words.
1. In managing your flying business, a key requirement is to develop an aircraft use policy. Describe what an aircraft use policy is and what should be included.
2. You are tasked by your CEO to perform an analysis for purchasing a used aircraft. What FAA document will provide the specifications or data on the aircraft and was a result of the aircraft airworthiness certificate? What specifically would this data sheet provide?
3. Describe the substructural members of the semi-monologue fuselage.
4. Describe the four aerodynamic forces acting on an aircraft in flight. What is equilibrium?
5. Describe what a Minimum Equipment List (MEL) is, when can an aircraft not depart a station, and name the four columns associated with the MEL document.
6. The CEO stated she wants a review of the 14 CFR parts for Airworthiness Standards for fixed wing aircraft, engines, and propellers. Please provide a list of those standards as a starting outline for a maintenance policy and procedures book.

13. Term Paper Topics
Your Final Term Paper must be at least 12 pages and consist of the following:
A title page
Main text (10 pages)
Reference page (current APA format)
The paper should include some of the headings below as appropriate:
Introduction
Description of the Company or Agency (Basically what business are you in)
Operation Description
Equipment or Aircraft
Maintenance Requirements
Manager’s Roles and Responsibilities
Staff Qualifications, Certifications, and Responsibilities
Human Factors
Quality Requirements
Regulations and Laws
Safety
Security
Environmental Responsibilities
Other Management Factors Considered
References (current APA format)
Aircraft Manufacturing Management
- Chris Corbett
Fire and Crash Rescue Management
- Trent Thompson
Helicopter Operations Management
- Casey Bradford

14. Assignments Due – Module 2 (9/5/17 – 9/15/17)
Management of Aeronautical Science
Assignments Due – Module 2 (9/5/17 – 9/15/17)
Review Module 2 Instructions for the following assignments:
Discussion Board Due (NBAA Business Aviation Works)
(Due - Wed Sep 13) – 2 part (Post and Respond)
Review Questions – Aerodynamics from a Management Standpoint
(Due - Fri Sep15) – 6 Questions

15. September 2017
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday 27 28
Module 1
Intro
Aeronautical Science 29 30
Review Questions Due 31 1
Flightline Friday 2 3 4
HOLIDAY 5
Module 2 Intro
Aerodynamics from a Management Perspective 6
Module 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Beaufort County Airport (ILT) 15
Flightline
Progress Reports Sent Home 16 17 18
Module 3
Propulsion and Aircraft Performance 19
Propulsion and Aircraft Performance 20 21 22 23

16. Questions / Comments

17. MGMT 203 Aerodynamics from a Management Standpoint
Module 2

18. Newton’s Laws of Motion
Principle of Inertia
Force = Mass times Acceleration
Formula: F=MA
Action and Reaction
Wing
Turbine engine
Propeller

19. Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton's three laws of motion are:
Inertia - A body at rest will remain at rest. and a body in motion will remain in motion at the same speed and direction until affected by some external force.
Nothing starts or stops without an outside force to bring about or prevent motion. Hence, the force with which a body offers resistance to change is called the force of inertia.

20. Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton's three laws of motion are:
Acceleration - The force required to produce a change in motion of a body is directly proportional to its mass and the rate of change in its velocity.
Acceleration refers either to an increase or a decrease in velocity, although Deceleration is commonly used to indicate a decrease.

21. Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton's three laws of motion are:
Action / Reaction - For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
If an interaction occurs between two bodies, equal forces in opposite directions will be imparted to each body.

22. Bernoulli's Principle Pressure varies inversely with velocity
High velocity low pressure
Consider fluids in motion
Examples
Carburetor venturi
Fuel tank eductors

23. Bernoulli's Principle

24. Who is Daniel Bernoulli?
Dutch-born physicist – born in 1738
Discovered a relationship between the pressure and speed of a fluid in motion
Specifically – as velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure decreases

25. Who is Daniel Bernoulli?
For Lift to occur - The pressure on top of the airfoil must be less than the pressure below.
The airfoil has no choice but to move upward.

26. Who is Daniel Bernoulli?
Camber determines the amount of lift an airfoil will produce at a given speed
The thicker or more pronounced the camber – the more lift.
At low speeds its best to have a high-lift airfoil.

27. Airfoil – Designs that Capture the Energy of the Wind
Chord is an imaginary line that connects the leading with the trailing edge
The Relative Wind is opposite the flight path
Angle of Attack
Is the angle between the chord line and the oncoming relative wind

28. Five Major Stresses on an Aircraft
 Tension
Stress that resists a force that tends to pull it apart.
Pulling
Compression
Resists a crushing force
Tends to shorten or squeeze parts
Pushing
Torsion
Stress that produces twisting
Torsional strength of a material is its resistance to twisting or torque.
Shear
Cutting or slicing
Bending
The combination stress
Tension

29. Five Major Stresses on an Aircraft

30. Design Stringent requirements of 14 CFR and design specifications.
Objectives
Safety and fail-safe design
Achieve lightest weight but have highest strength
Employ advanced materials and construction techniques
Composite materials
Know material limitations
Use concurrent engineering (engineering and manufacturing working together).

31. Design
Objectives
Configuration management (Parts fit first time every time)
Maintenance accessibility
Reduction of costs
Time or delivery requirements
Design testing and operational testing

32. Design
Computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM).
The design service life based on
Total flight time
Calendar time
Cycles
Total number of landings, engine starts, etc.
Note: Maintenance procedures are developed from these three requirements above.

33. Questions / Comments

34. Certification Requirements
14 CFR Part 21 Certification Procedures for Parts and Products.
Type Certificate
Issued by FAA for
Aircraft
Engine
Propeller
Foundation for all certification
Production Certificate
Issued to the manufacturer by FAA
Must duplicate the design of the prototype aircraft
Must have a complete quality program
FAA conducts audits and reviews
Airworthiness Certificate
Each aircraft off the production line receives one.
Formal acknowledgment stating conforms to a type certificate and is safe for commercial use.
Valid as long as the aircraft is maintained in accordance with the CFRs.

35. Supplemental Type Certificates (STC)
14 CFR 21
Issued by the FAA
Provides a way in which an aircraft may deviate from the original type certificate.
Applicant must show sufficient proof that the alteration meets airworthiness requirements.
When issued
Holder may alter aircraft to meet the specifications of the certificate.
Offer kits for the modification, or
Offer the plans and use of the STC as approved data.
Published in the Summary of Supplemental Type Certificates.
Example is a winglet modification or cargo aircraft modifications.

36. Airworthiness Requirements (14 CFR)
14 CFR Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, and Acrobatic, and Commuter Category Airplanes.
14 CFR Part 25 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes.
14 CFR Part 26 Continued Airworthiness and Safety Improvements for Transport Category Airplanes.
14 CFR Part 27 Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft.
14 CFR Part 29 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Rotorcraft.

37. Airworthiness Requirements (14 CFR)
14 CFR Part 33 Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines.
14 CFR Part 35 Airworthiness Standards: Propellers
Note: The CFR parts have flow down requirements.
14 CFR Part 25 makes reference to 14 CFR Part 23 on certain requirements.
Other parts have factors of design.
For example 14 CFR Part 121 Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations (airlines).

38. Type Certification Data Sheet (TCDS)
Contains many requirements, such as operational limitations, weight and balance, CG range, engine type and limitations, design considerations, and propeller type, etc.
Note: flight and maintenance manuals contain this information also
Any deviation from the TCDS may be considered a major alteration.

39. Type Certification Data Sheets (TCDS)
FAA Type Certification Data Sheets can be found at
On the website page,
Go to By Product type.
Type in the search box the aircraft type.
The 777
Select the aircraft.
On next page click on the TCDS number then click on pdf link.

40. Airworthiness Directives (AD)
14 CFR Part 39: Airworthiness Directives
Issued when an unsafe condition exist.
Shows an approved way of correcting an unsafe condition.
Issued after an approved type certificate was issued.
ADs are divided into 2 categories
Immediate or Emergency
Unsafe conditions
Short compliance times
Less urgent or Routine
AD number
Compliance dates of ADs
One time
Recurring or repetitive
Usually inspections

41. Airworthiness Directives (AD)
FAA AD data base
Can search by make or model or AD number.

42. Advisory Circulars (AC)
FAA
Advisory material for acceptable practices on complying with the regulations.
Provide instructions on how to implement a regulation.
First number is the CFR Part and next number is sequenced.
14 CFR Part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors.
AC E Certification: Pilots and Flight and Ground Instructors.

43. Advisory Circulars (AC)
Other interesting Advisory Circulars.
AC 39-7D Airworthiness Directives
AC Certification of a Repairman (General)
AC 141A Pilot Schools
You may find Advisory Circulars on the following FAA Advisory Circulars website.

44. Questions / Comments