1. History of Mental Disorders, Institutions, & Diagnosis

2. Middle Ages to 19th C.
Originally called “lunatics”, it was believed to be related to a full moon.
Possession
Removal and Institutionalization
Ice baths, vomiting and bleeding

3. Moral Management- 1800s
belief that environment is important part of treatment
Dorothea Dix- pioneer to aid the mentally ill

4. The Early 20th Century Lobotomy introduced Quick and very popular
“The” treatment until the 1950s
“Euthanasia of the mind”

5. Dr. Freeman’s “Ice Pick” Lobotomy
Howard Dully’s Lobotomy

6. Present Day
Deinstitutionalization- move patients from in patient institutions to community-based facilities with emphasis on out patient care
Drug therapies
Increase in homelessness (20-25% of homeless pop.)
Denial of services

7. Deinstituationalization

8. Mental Disorder v. Insanity
Mental Disorder- Interfere with a person’s well-being and ability to function for more than 6 months (medical)
Insanity- Not knowing the difference between right and wrong (legal)

9. Methods to Diagnose Mental Disorders
Clinical Interviews
Neurological Tests
Personality Tests
Projective Tests (Rorschach Inkblot Test)

12. DSM- Manual to Diagnose Disorders
DSM-I was introduced in 1952 and only had 106 disorders
DSM-IV has 297 disorders
DSM-V introduced in 2014
In the early 70’s homosexuality removed from the DSM
Pros & Cons of Diagnostic Labeling- Rosenhan’s Study “On Being Sane in Insane Places”

13. Major Clinical Syndromes
Neurodevelopmental Disorders (intellectual disability, autism, ADHD, learning disorder)
Somatoform disorders
Substance abuse disorders
Anxiety disorders (panic disorder, phobias, GAD)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (hoarding, body dysmorphic)
Trauma-Stress Related Disorders (PTSD)
Schizophrenia
Depressive disorders
Dissociative disorders
Sexual disorders
Feeding and Eating disorders

14. Percentage of Mental Disorders
Substance Abuse 27% (mostly men)
Anxiety 25%
Depressive 20% (mostly women)
Schizophrenia .7%