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History and Approaches

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1 History and Approaches
AP Psychology Unit 1 History and Approaches Christopher Dunn Spalding High School

2 Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology
Is the mind connected to the body or distinct? Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience?

3 Psychology’s Roots Philosophy or Science?

4 Psychological Science Is Born
Psychology’s Roots Psychological Science Is Born Empiricism Knowledge comes from experience via the senses Science flourishes through observation and experiment

5 Psychology’s Roots Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Liepzig (c. 1879)

6 Psychology’s Roots Structuralism used introspection (looking in) to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

7 Psychology’s Roots Functionalism focused on how behavioral processes function- how they enable organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

8 Psychology’s Roots Psychological Science Develops
Wundt--German philosopher and physiologist James--American philosopher Pavlov--Russian physiologist Freud--Austrian physician Piaget--Swiss biologist

9 Psychology’s Roots Figure 1- British Psychological Society membership

10 Definition of Psychology
Psychology’s Roots Definition of Psychology The science of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings)

11 Prologue: Contemporary Psychology
Psychology’s Big Issues Nature-nurture controversy the relative contribution that genes and experience make to development of psychological traits and behaviors

12 Contemporary Psychology
Natural selection principle that those inherited trait variations contributing to survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

13 Contemporary Psychology
Psychology’s Perspectives The different views of Psychology

14 Contemporary Psychology
Psychology’s Perspectives A lot depends on your viewpoint

15 Contemporary Psychology
Careers in Psychology Psychology’s Subfields Basic Research Biological psychologists explore the links between brain and mind Developmental psychologists study changing abilities from womb to tomb Cognitive psychologists study how we perceive, think, and solve problems

16 Contemporary Psychology
Psychology’s Subfields Basic Research Personality psychologists investigate our persistent traits Social psychologists explore how we view and affect one another

17 Contemporary Psychology
Psychology’s Subfields Applied Research Industrial/organizational psychologists study and advise on behavior in the workplace Clinical psychologists study, assess, and treat people with psychological disorders

18 Contemporary Psychology
Psychiatry A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders Practiced by physicians who sometimes use medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychotherapy

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