1. It Must Be Clear
An introduction to good writing practice

2. ©What.Is.Writing.Open.Access.2012.pdf

3. ©What.Is.Writing.Open.Access.2012.pdf

4. The Bigger Question Is What Is “Good” Writing?
Good writing is a combination of many factors, which seem overwhelming at times. You will learn about these factors in this PowerPoint. Some areas are simple to avoid and others require more thought, yet and still, if you follow them, you’re writing will improve.
In its simplest form, Good writing is
clear: easy to understand
precise: says exactly what is meant
concise: to the point

5. Unity
Unity is always a priority--anything that does not fit do not fall in love with it. Every word should fit and belong with the purpose of the essay. If something doesn’t move you emotionally, don’t write it.
Adam Singer puts it like this in The Most Important Tip For Great Writing: “Good writing is a flow experience – not forced.  It’s clear, concise and deliberate.  It’s playful or impactful.  It’s emotive and thought provoking.  To the reader, it should be an effortless experience they lose themselves in.”
If something does not support your thesis, don’t use it.

6. Work / Think Harder!
Work/Think harder: writing is different from speaking. It requires deliberation, it is more formal, and it has standards. So…take your time to invest yourself fully and revise as much as necessary. Read aloud you essay sentence by sentence. The more you organize your thoughts, the clearer you think and write. This will make you more confident also.
Sometimes….
What slows us down is that we are all afraid of the permanence of writing. We are afraid of making mistakes, of saying something that we didn't really mean, of appearing foolish. We can gain some control over this fear if we realize that we have some control over how permanent and how public our writing really is.

7. Be Precise and Concise: Six rules (Orwell)
Never use a metaphor, simile or other figure of speech…(informally)
Never use a long word where a short one will do
If it is possible to cut out a word, always cut it out
Never use the passive where you can use the active
Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent
George Orwell "Politics and the English Language", 1946

8. Example: writing that is imprecise
I cannot go to the meeting owing to the fact that I feel ill. ✗
I cannot go to the meeting because I feel ill. ✔
In spite of the fact that I feel ill, I will go to the meeting. ✗
Although I feel ill, I will go to the meeting. ✔
I was unaware of the fact that you were leaving. ✗
I was unaware you were leaving. ✔
The fact that he had not succeeded puzzled me. ✗
His failure puzzled me. ✔

9. Specific and Memorable Word Choice
So many words, so little time. If you’re writing in English, you get a bonus that can’t be
found in most other languages: an extra 300,000 words or so. At just over 490,000 words (and still
growing strong), the English language is the largest in the world. So, when it comes to deciding
which word to use where, you’ve got plenty of choices.
Strong verbs that tell how an actions are performed. Verbs are words that describe the
action in a sentence. Some verbs are said to be stronger than others, and these are the ones that
tend to make your writing more effective. Here’s how it works: take a verb like “run” and another
verb with a similar meaning like “sprint.” Now, compare these two sentences: (1) “I was running.”;
(2) “I was sprinting.” They seem more or less the same, but they’re not. In the first sentence,
you learn that I was running but in the second sentence you also learn how I was running.
Adjectives and adverbs that make things more specific. Say I’m in one of those huge
underground parking lots. You know, the ones with all the floors that look exactly the same. Say I
come back from several hours of shopping and I can’t remember where I parked. After searching
franticly for an hour or so, I’ll probably give up and try to find a parking attendant to help me.
The first question he’s going to ask me is, “What kind of car do you have?” And I’ll say “Oh, you
know, it’s just a car.” And then he’ll look at me like I’m an even bigger idiot than I already am.
Why? Because I’m not being specific enough for him to help me. Writing is like that, too. You
have to be specific in order to help your readers understand you. If you write, “The man drove
away in his car,” that’s not nearly as helpful to your readers as, “The anxious, young man drove
away nervously in the shiny new car his parents had just bought for him.” What’s the difference?
Adjectives and adverbs. ©

10. Follow and Focus the Prompt
Focus on the task---don’t go elsewhere. Read the guidelines carefully. Many times a writer will deviate from the guidelines and purpose of the essay, distorting the unity and coherency of the essay.
Follow the task---you can’t just write whatever you want.
Ex of Prompts
©University of Wales, Aberystwyth

11. More Little Rules That Make a Difference
Do not repeat yourself.
Do not use contractions. Spell out don’t, you’re, who’s, etc.
Avoid run-ons, comma splice and fragments. Understand how to avoid these three errors.
Master the comma
Use transitions effectively and correctly
Finish your paragraph. Be elaborate—don’t cut it short.
Have fun with it; you are the author. Implement your voice.
Read a lot anything—but don’t just read analyze.
Develop different heuristics and let the writing process generate your writing.
REVISE…be flexible to change
Don’t wait for inspiration to begin.
©University of Wales, Aberystwyth

12. Look at Samples Look at Essay Samples.
©University of Wales, Aberystwyth