1. Economic and Cultural Revival
The Crusades were a stepping stone in the cultural and technological advancement of Western civilization.

2. Agriculture New ___________________ ________________ replaces ox yoke
More soil open for cultivating
________________ replaces ox yoke
Horses can now plow (faster)
_______________________crop rotation
improved production

3. Manorial system Feudalism Manorialism
___________________________between nobles
Manorialism
__________________________between lords and peasants

4. Lords, Peasants, and Serfs
The Manorial System
The feudal system was a political and social system. A related system governed medieval economics. This system was called the manorial system because it was built around large estates called manors.
Manors owned by wealthy lords, knights
Peasants farmed manor fields
Were given protection, plots of land to cultivate for selves
Lords, Peasants, and Serfs
Most peasants on farm were serfs, tied to manor
Not slaves, could not be sold away from manor
But could not leave, marry without lord’s permission
Serfdom
Manors had some free people who rented land from lord
Others included landowning peasants, skilled workers like blacksmiths, millers
Also had a priest for spiritual needs
Free People

5. A Typical Manor Rotation Small Village
Most of manor’s land occupied by fields for crops, pastures for animals
Middle Ages farmers learned that leaving field empty for year improved soil
In time, practice developed into three-field crop rotation system
One field planted in spring for fall harvest
Another field planted in winter for spring harvest
Third field remained unplanted for year
Rotation
Each manor included fortified house for noble family, village for peasants, serfs
Goal to make manor self-sufficient
Typical manor also included church, mill, blacksmith
Small Village

6. The Medieval Manor

7. Peasant Household: Cycle of Labour
Houses a single room: few windows and no chimney…little privacy
August September- _______________
October – _____________________________
November – ________________________
Feb. March – ________________________
Summer – __________________________

8. Feast Days Food and Drink
Christmas, Easter and Pentecost
Saint’s days
Over 50 days of the year.
_____________(dark and heavy) and ___________(3 gallons)

9. Trade Rebirth of towns led to expansion of trade, towns flourish.
_____________, _____________and ______________important Mediterranean trading towns
Silks and spices
__________________
textiles
Center of trade in on north coast

10. Banking
Money economy arose out of __________________________________________________________________
Led to growth of banking
Feudal lords become dependent on money, serfs become able to ____________________
Decline in feudalism

13. Growth of towns Towns grow up along __________________________
_____________________________protected against marauding bandits (burg –German walled city)
Narrow winding streets, no sanitation, dirty, noisy, thatched roofs fire prone, disease prone. (Black Death)

15. Guilds _________________ guilds Maintain local monopoly for members
Foreign traders restricted
Pricing uniform
Regulated work of artisans
Price controls, advertising controls, standards of quality

16. Craft guilds ______________________ ____________________
Worked for a master without pay to learn craft
____________________
Works for pay under a master
Upon approval of masterpiece, could become a master
__________________________
Owned own shop and tools

17. Rise of middle class Town (burg) leads to _______________________
Bourgeoisie
Burgher
burgesses
towns people derived wealth not from the land; __________________________________________________________________
Kings depend on middle class for loans and tax income

18. Town government / feudal lords
Urban dwellers lived outside the feudal system and resented paying taxes and services to lords
Wanted their own government and laws
Feudal lords respond with __________________________________________________________________________

19. Town government
Money economy gave towns income and independence from lords
Italy
___________________ led to independent city states
Europe
__________________granted by kings and nobles gave towns self government