1. Early Civilizations

2. Studying History Anthropology Archeology study of humans
With your partner create a list of some of the ways that we study humans.
Archeology
study of human artifacts
With your partner come up with an answer on my we should study human artifacts.

3. Keeping Track of Time B.C. is time before the birth of Christ
A.D. is time after the birth of Christ
B.C.E is the time before the Common/Current/Christian Era
C.E.  Is the time after Common/Current/Christian Era 
Prehistoric: it is the time before writing
Humans alive as long ago as 400,000 years ago

4. Oldest Know People Came from Here

5. Nomads
A traveler from place to place that gathers food and hunts.

6. Nomads to Civilizations
Why would being a nomad be horrible?

7. Early Civilizations
The world’s first civilizations developed in River Valley’s
List 3 reasons why.
Major river valley civilizations
Nile
Tigris-Euphrates
Sumerians
Akkadians
Indus River
Valley of Huang - Shang

9. Nile River Valley King Menes Unites Egypt around 3200 BC
30 different dynasties from 3200 BC to 30 AD
What is a dynasty?

10. Pyramids
What were they used for?

11. Tigris & Euphrates River Valley

12. Basic Features Of Civilizations
1. Cities
2. Central governments and law codes
3. Writing and record-keeping
4. Specialized jobs
Social classes
Complex technologies
Highly organized religions

13. Cities
Population centers that are larger and more organized than towns or villages

14. Organized Governments
Structured governments that coordinate large-scale projects such as food production, construction, and defense systems
Roman Senators

15. Hammurabi Came to power in upper Tigris-Euphrates
Created a major law code written to create stability in his empire.
Hammurabi's Code
Explain the code in your own words.

16. Systems of religions beliefs that include rituals and worship

17. Religion Polytheism- The belief in many gods.
Monotheism- The belief in one god
Reincarnation- the rebirth of the soul in the body of another being (human or animal) Hinduism
Confucianism-The Chinese philosophy that emphasizes family and ancestors, proper behavior, and duty to society

18. Religion Ancient China
Daoism- people should withdraw and think about natural harmony.
Legalism- taught that people were selfish and untrustworthy and had to be controlled by harsh measures.
Fertile Crescent
Hebrews: worshiped one god Yahweh Creator of universe.
Torah: outlined structure of life
Judaism = Ethical monotheism

19. Hinduism & Buddhism- Ancient India, The soul does not die with the body (reincarnation)
Dharma- when one reaches their moral duty in life and moves on to next life.
Karma- positive and negative force created by a persons actions.

20. Agenda
Get a Green MME Book
Pages (1-4)
Pages (1-5)

21. Buddhism Buddhism (Siddhartha Gautama) Buddha (The Enlightened One)
Four Noble Truths
Life evolves sorrow and suffering
Desire for pleasure causes #1
Renouncing desire frees people from suffering and helps them reach Nirvana- Perfect Peace (End Reincarnation)
Desire can be renounced by following 8 fold path.

22. Job Specialization
A system in which there are different types of jobs where each worker focuses on a particular type

23. Social Classes
Ranked groups within society that are determined by job or economic standing

24. Arts and Architecture
Various types of artwork and buildings that express the talents and beliefs of a society

25. Large scale and often costly projects that benefit the city
Public Works
Large scale and often costly projects that benefit the city

26. Writing
Structured writing systems used initially by governments or religious leaders to record important information

27. Writing
Inventions of hieroglyphics and cuneiform were important achievements of the Egyptians and Sumerians
It gave civilizations the ability to communicate and pass on information
Why is this important?

28. Writing & Communication
Cultural Diffusion- spread of ideas and other aspects of a culture.
This would lead to alliances and enemies throughout time.