1. Subject Name: Computer Communication Networks Subject Code: 10EC71
Prepared By: Kala H S & Megha Gupta
Department: ECE
Date:
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2. Unit - 4 WIRED & WIRELESS LAN
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3. TOPICS TO BE COVERED Standard Ethernet Changes in the standard
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
Wireless LAN
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4. STANDARD ETHERNET
The original Ethernet was created in 1976 at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). Since then, it has gone through four generations : Standard Ethernet (10 Mbps), Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps), Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gbps), and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet (10 Gbps).
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5. 802.3 MAC Frame
The frame contains seven fields: preamble, SFD, DA, SA, length or type of protocol data unit (PDU), upper-layer data.
It does not provide any mechanism foe acknowledging received frames.
It is an unreliable medium.
Minimum frame length = 512 bits or 64 bytes, Maximum frame length = 12,144 bits or 1518 bytes.
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6. Addressing
Each station on an Ethernet network has its own Network Interface Card (NIC).
NIC provides a 6-byte (48 bits)physical address, normally written in hexadecimal notation, with a colon between the bytes.
Unicast and Multicast Address
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7. Categories of Standard Ethernet
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8. Encoding in a Standard Ethernet implementation
At sender: data are converted to a digital signal using the Manchester scheme.
At receiver: the received signal is interpreted as Manchester and decoded into data.
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9. 10Base5 Implementation
10Base2 implementation
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10. 10Base-T Implementation
10Base-F Implementation
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11. Summary of Standard Ethernet implementations
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12. CHANGES IN THE STANDARD
The 10-Mbps Standard Ethernet has gone through several changes before moving to the higher data rates. These changes actually opened the road to the evolution of the Ethernet to become compatible with other high-data-rate LANs.
Bridged Ethernet
Switched Ethernet
Full-Duplex Ethernet
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13. Bridged Ethernet Division of a LAN by bridges.
Bridges have two effects on an Ethernet LAN: raise the bandwidth and separate collision domains.
Sharing bandwidth
net
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14. Collision domains in an unbridged network and a bridged network
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15. Switched Ethernet
The bandwidth is shared only between the station and the switch.
The collision domain is divided into N domains.
A layer 2 switch is an N-port bridge with additional sophistication that allows faster handling of the packets.
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16. Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet
One of the limitations of 10Base5 and lOBase2 is that communication is half-duplex, a station can either send or receive, but may not do both at the same time.
The next step in the evolution was to move from switched Ethernet to
full-duplex switched Ethernet.
The full-duplex mode increases the capacity of each domain from 10 to 20 Mbps.
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17. FAST ETHERNET
It was designed to compete with LAN protocols such as FDDI or Fiber Channel.
IEEE created Fast Ethernet under the name 802.3u.
It is backward-compatible with Standard Ethernet, but it can transmit data 10 times faster at a rate of 100 Mbps.
Topology are:
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18. Fast Ethernet Implementations
Summary of Fast Ethernet implementations
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19. GIGABIT ETHERNET
The need for an even higher data rate resulted in the design of the Gigabit Ethernet protocol (1000 Mbps).
The IEEE committee calls the standard 802.3z.
Topologies of Gigabit Ethernet:
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20. Gigabit Ethernet Implementations
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21. Summary of Gigabit Ethernet implementations
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22. TEN-GIGABIT ETHERNET
It is a multiple-access method in which the available bandwidth of a link is shared in time, frequency, or through code, between different stations.
Three channelization protocols:
FDMA,
TDMA,
CDMA.
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23. WIRELESS LAN – IEEE 802.11 Architecture
IEEE has defined the specifications for a wireless LAN, called IEEE , which covers the physical and data link layers.
Architecture
The standard defines two kinds of services: Basic Service Set (BSS) and Extended Service Set (ESS)
A BSS without an AP is called an ad hoc network.
A BSS with an AP is called an infrastructure network.
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24. ESS is made up of two or more BSSs with APs.
BSSs are connected through a distribution system.
Distribution system connects the APs in the BSSs.
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25. MAC layers in IEEE 802.11 standard
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26. CSMA/CA Flowchart
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27. CSMA/CA and NAV
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28. Frame Format Control frames
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29. Addressing Mechanism
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30. Physical Layers
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31. Physical layer of IEEE 802.11 FHSS
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32. Physical layer of IEEE 802.11 DSSS
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33. Physical layer of IEEE 802.11 Infra red
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34. Physical layer of IEEE 802.11b
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35. Acknowledgement : MY SINCERE THANKS TO By Kala H S & Megha Gupta
THE AUTHOR PROF.BEHROUZ A FOROUZAN. BECAUSE THE ABOVE PRESENTATION MATERIALS ARE HEAVILY BORROWED FROM HIS TEXTBOOK “DATA COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING” 4TH EDITION, PUBLISHER TATA MCGRAW HILL
SURESHA V. PROFESSOR, DEPT. OF E&C, KVG COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING. SULLIA, D.K By
Kala H S & Megha Gupta
Assistant Professor
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