1. Blood

2. transport medium for nutrients, wastes, and gases and hormones of the endocrine system
The liquid component is the portion of the blood that contains no cells. 

3. Liquid Component of Blood

4. Plasma
Fluid we would find in the blood that is flowing through the blood vessels. 
Anticoagulants (chemicals which prevent clotting) must be added to a test tube if one wants to obtain a plasma sample from an individual. 

5. Serum
 if the blood has clotted before the fluid was separated from the blood. 

6. Most of the liquid component of blood is water, about 92%.
transport fluid to assist the movement of materials around the body. 
also important in the regulation of body temperature.

7. Plasma Proteins (4 groups)
Albumin critical role in the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and the body cells. Abnormal levels of these proteins can have dramatic effects on the amount of tissue fluid. Produced in Liver

8. Plasma Proteins (4 groups)
Alpha and beta globulins
transport proteins to assist the movement of certain materials around the body.  Some of these proteins are also involved in the process of blood clotting.  Others are involved in defending the body against disease. Produced in Liver

9. Plasma Proteins (4 groups)
Gamma globulins AKA antibodies
These proteins help to protect us against disease. produced by a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes

10. Plasma Proteins (4 groups)
Fibrinogen is the protein that is converted into a clot when bleeding is taking place.  Produced in Liver

11. Plasma Proteins (4 groups)
Fibrinogen
This protein is present in plasma but is absent from serum (it has been used to form the clot).  This is the only difference between serum and plasma.

13. Cellular Components of Blood
 Produced in the red bone marrow (except some lymphocytes).

14. Cellular Components of Blood
Once the cells mature, they move out of the bone marrow and into the blood vessels.

15. Cellular Components of Blood
bone marrow transplant (Adult Stem Cell Transplant)

16. Erythrocytes AKA red blood cells (RBC's)
most numerous of the blood cells.
lack a nucleus (lost during maturation process)
flattened disc shape

17. Erythrocytes
Hemoglobin: protein molecule contains iron. important role in the transport of gases controlling the blood pH. many molecules of hemoglobin.

18. Leukocytes AKA white blood cells (WBC)
less prevalent than the red blood cells
contain a nucleus, and some of them contain granules in the cytoplasm, as well. 

19. Leukocytes (5 types)
neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell. 
phagocytic. 
important in protecting the body from infections. 

20. Leukocytes (5 types) Eosinophils phagocytic.
release chemicals that are involved in allergic reactions.

21. Leukocytes (5 types)
Basophils rare in the blood produce chemicals that are involved in the inflammation and allergic reactions.

22. Leukocytes (5 types)
Monocytes phagocytic In the tissues React to foreign materials Chemicals for triggering processes of inflammation, immune protection, and healing.

23. Leukocytes (5 types)
Lymphocytes produce antibodies can be produced inside or outside of the bone marrow

24. Thrombocyte or platelets
not cells at all
tiny pieces of a huge cell that lives in the bone marrow. 

25. Thrombocyte or platelets
These cellular fragments are involved in the process of clot formation.   
Platelets release chemicals that initiate the complex chemical reactions of coagulation and form a framework on which the clot will be built.

27. Blood Typing
surface of the red blood cells are special marker molecules called antigens. 
controlled genetically

28. Blood Typing Type A blood A-antigen on surface.
Type B blood B-antigen on the surface.
Type AB blood A-antigen and the B-antigen on the surface.
Type O blood has neither.

29. Blood Typing
Antigens can stimulate the body's immune system to create antibodies. 

30. Blood Typing
When testing an individual's blood type, the that react with the antigens of the red blood cells. 

31. Blood Typing "clumping" can be observed
Agglutination reaction indicates that the antigen in question is present in the patient's blood.
"clumping" can be observed

32. Blood Typing
Patient's blood is mixed with solutions of known antibodies
One determines the ABO grouping.   

33. Blood Typing Rh factor. Rh positive blood has the Rh antigen
Rh negative blood lack the Rh antigen 

34. Blood Transfusions
Transfusion reaction can lead to severe inflammation, severe allergic reaction, organ damage (especially the kidneys), or even death

35. Blood Transfusions
Ideally receive exactly the same blood type

36. Blood Transfusions
In an emergency. The following rules must be followed:
Rh negative must get Rh negative blood.
Rh positive can get either Rh positive or Rh negative, but ABO grouping needs to match.
O blood must get O blood.
AB blood may receive any of the ABO types, as long as the Rh is compatible.
O blood can be given to A, B, AB or O, as long as the Rh is compatible.