1. Confederation Results

2. 6 Colonies Enter… 6 colonies were interested in Confederation.
Canada West
Canada East
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Prince Edward Island
Newfoundland

3. One Country Leaves! (and stays..)
Only 4 colonies joined confederation in 1867
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Ontario
Quebec

4. John A Macdonald Born in Scotland, 1815 Canada West conservative
Worked well with French.
Very skilled politician
First Prime Minister of Canada, and second-longest serving Prime Minister (19 years)

5. George-Etiennes Cartier
Born in Lower Canada
French Conservative, but was able to form a close working relationship with Macdonald, making conservatives stronger than Liberals
Brought French Canadians into Confederation

6. George Brown Canada West
Enemy of Macdonald until they found a way to work together.
Pushed for representation by population or “Rep by Pop”.
Rep by Pop would have been great for Canada West (which had more people) but bad for Canada East (which had less)

7. Alexander Galt English, served in Canada East (Sherbrooke)
Joined Grand Coalition on the condition that Macdonald and Cartier pursue Confederation

8. Antoine-Aimé Dorion French Liberal (Parti Rouge)
Was Co-premier with George Brown, very briefly.
Refused to join the “Grand Coalition” with Macdonald, Cartier, and Brown.
Was against Confederation, and worried that the provinces would lose their power.

11. Why Confederate? French-English conflict Short-lived governments
Lack of support from Britain
Lack of control
American Civil War
“Manifest Destiny”

12. Manifest Destiny
A popular belief in the United States that the US was destined, by God, to control all of North America.
US wanted to “annex” (take over) Canada.

13. Non-First Nations Claims in a nutshell

14. Railroad
A railroad would be built across every province on the mainland.
An intercolonial railway would also be built in order to connect the St. Lawrence River with Halifax.
This would enable the colonies to trade and communicate effectively with each other. It would also allow soldiers to be transported quickly between areas on the mainland.

15. Government Constitutional Monarchy
Central government, in charge of army, trade, foreign affairs
HoC elected by Rep by Pop
Senate picked by appointment to a fixed number of seats
Subsidies given by federal government to provincial governments, based on population

16. French Canadian Rights
The French would keep their own province, language, religion, schools and civil law.
Both Roman Catholic and Protestant schools were guaranteed.
English and French languages were to be used in the central government, in the Parliament of Quebec and in the federal law courts.

17. Who joined when? Province or Territory
Time of entry into confederation
Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick
1867
Manitoba, Northwest Territories
1870
British Columbia
1871
Prince Edward Island
1873
Yukon
1898
Alberta, Saskatchewan
1905
Newfoundland
1949
Nunavut
1999

18. What would you do? What’s different?
What do you like about the historical plan?
What could have been improved?